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Unit 5
Unit 5 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Von Thunen Model | Theory that a commercial farmer will decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market. |
| Agribusiness | System of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market. |
| Commercial Agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. |
| Double Cropping | Planting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year. |
| GMOs | Foods that\have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes |
| Intensive Subsistence Farming | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
| Plantation Agriculture | a type of commercial farming in which a single crop is grown for the entire year. This type of farming requires large amount of labour and capital. |
| Transhumance | Movement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter. |
| Green Revolution | or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. |
| Mixed livestock and grain | Raise domesticated animals and and grain for animal feed |
| Mediterranean Agriculture | a form of agriculture, found in Mediterranean type climate. The four main aspects are orchard farming, viticulture, cereal and vegetable cultivation. Products grown include olives, pomegranates, mandarin oranges, fig, pistachio, pears, grapes, etc. |
| Aquaculture | Raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages |
| Dairy Farms | specialized in dairy products |
| Desertification | the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. |
| Pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food |
| 2nd Agriculture Revolution | introduction of new crop rotation techniques and selective breeding of livestock, and led to a marked increase in agricultural production. |
| Slash and Burn Agriculture | a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land |
| Third Agriculture Revolution | New agricultural practices were created to help farmers all over the world and eliminate hunger by improving the output and quality of crops. Farmers could now use the same amount of land and get more crops. Includes the Green Revolution. |
| Soil Erosion | the wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water |
| Agricultural Revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. |
| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Crop Rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil. |
| Food Security | having, at all times, both physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet dietary needs for a productive and healthy life. |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits |
| Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
| Paddy | A field where wet rice is grown |
| Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. |
| Shifting Cultivation | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
| Subsistence Agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. |
| Wet Rice | Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
| Columbian Exchange | the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, the Old World, and West Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. |
| Commercial/Market Gardening and Fruit Farming | The small scale production of fruits for commercial sale |
| Herbicide | commonly known as weedkillers, are substances used to control unwanted plants. |
| Monocropping | An agricultural method that utilizes large plantings of a single species or variety |
| Organic Agriculture | an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity while prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones |
| Pesticide | A chemical intended to kill insects and other organisms that damage crops. |
| Extensive Farming | farming practices that involve putting relatively little energy into the land for the calories/amount of crops extracted |
| Intensive Farming | A lot of money and labor are used to increase crop yield. Use large amounts of pesticides and medication for animals. |
| Commodity Chain | series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market |
| Soil Salinization | process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil. It can occur naturally or because of conditions resulting from management practices. |
| Terraces | steplike ledges cut into mountains to make land suitable for farming |
| Food Desert | An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain |
| Cash Crop | a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. |
Created by:
ladyhogan
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