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Unit 10 Part 2
Ch 18 Secs 2-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crusades | a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia |
| Holy Land | Palestine; the region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died |
| Pope Urban II | leader of the Roman Catholic Church who called on Christians from all over Europe to retake the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks |
| First Crusade | only Crusade won by the Christian Crusaders |
| Richard I (the Lion Heart) | King of England who led the Third Crusade and negotiated protection for Christian pilgrims |
| Saladin | leader of the Muslim forces in the Third Crusade known for his chivalry |
| clergy | church officials |
| religious order | a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion |
| Francis of Assisi | friar who lived a simple life and cared for people and animals; founder of the Franciscan Order |
| friars | people who belonged to a religious order but lived and worked among the general public |
| Thomas Aquinas | a Dominican philosopher who argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs |
| natural law | a law that governed how the world worked |
| Magna Carta | document signed by the king in 1215 listing rights of English nobles |
| Parliament | the highest law-making body in the United Kingdom today |
| Hundred Years' War | a long conflict between England and France |
| Joan of Arc | peasant girl who led French to victory at the battle of Orleans in 1429 |
| Black Death | a deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 |