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8.5 Decolonization

AP World History 8.5 Decolonization

QuestionAnswer
What was the goal for Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa? Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa sought varying degrees of autonomy within or independence from imperial rule. `
What did the Indian National Congress eventually become? Indian National Congress: not originally pro independence but evolved into that
What country did Ho Chi Minh refuse and why? Ho Chi Minh in French Indochina (Vietnam): French colony from 19th c, Japan took it in WWII; French wanted it back, Vietnam said no
Why did the U.S. reject a treaty with Vietnam? War with US backing to 1954, US rejected treaty fearing communist victory, US gradually increased advisors, let Diem die
Who introduced ground troops in Vietnam in 1965? LBJ introduced ground troops 1965, increased to ½ m. by 1969
What were reasons kept the U.S. from winning against Vietnam? Reasons why US couldn’t win: Russia/China supporting N, corruption in S, US didn’t want WWIII, guerilla
How negotiated the Vietnam war? Nixon Vietnamized the war and negotiated; all US troops out 1973, N over ran S 1975 (US tired, refused to support S)
Kwame Nkrumah Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast (Ghana)
Who got Egypt away from the UK? Gamal Abdel Nasser got Egypt away from UK
What did some colonies do at the end of WWII? After the end of World War II, some colonies negotiated their independence, while others achieved independence through armed struggle.
What colonies negotiated their independence? India and Pakistan , The Gold Coast, West Africa
What country did India and Pakistan negotiate their independence from? India [actually S Asia] and Pakistan from the British Empire 1947, negotiated with a lot of pain and violence
What became Ghana? What country did the Gold Coast negotiate their freedom from? The Gold Coast from the British Empire: became Ghana 1957 first African to gain
What 8 colonies separated from the French? French West Africa: late 19th c. to 1958, began to disassemble, was 8 colonies, now Mali, Mauritania, Benin, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Senegal
Who did Algeria fight against for their independence? Algeria liberation from the French empire 1954-62, French colony: brutality not equality; FLN (one of several Algerian groups) also attacked other Algerians
Who was De Gaulle? Algerians lost battles but won diplomacy; De Gaulle became new French head of state, 5th republic
Who were the Harkis? Harkis: Algerians working for French
Who were the Colon/pied noir/OAS? Colon/pied noir/OAS (French in Algeria);
French v. French Civil revolts: French v. French; importance of radio; seems like little progress in Algeria after war
Who did Angola separate from in 1961-74? Angola separated from the Portuguese empire: 1961-74
Who did the Vietnamese fight for independence? Vietnam independence from the French empire
What challenged colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries. Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries. Some of these movements advocated for autonomy.
Who advocated for a separate nation, Pakistan? Muslim League in British India: at first worked together with INC but then advocated for separate nation Pakistan. huge number of deaths with transition (in fact wars) 1947, 1965, 1971
What were the Québécois? Québécois separatist movement in Canada: about one fourth of Canadians live in Quebec, stems from France first settling, then UK
Do all Canadians that live in Quebec have to speak French? not all who live in Quebec are French speaking; Canada is bi-lingual, 1970 violence (bombing, kidnap/murder), 1980 referendum “no” 60%; 1995 referendum “no” 50.5 to 49.5
What percentage of Quebecers speak English? Nearly 95% of Quebecers can speak French, but only 40.6% speak English. In the rest of the country, 97.6% of the population is capable of speaking English, but only 7.5% can speak French. wiki
What was Biafra? Biafra secessionist movement in Nigeria: problem with decolonization boundaries, conflict between N and S, between two major tribes, between Christian and Muslim
What impact did part of the Biafra conflict have on the people. part of conflict had to do with which leader(s) would rule, late 1960s, rebels had problems getting international recognition result was famine, millions? died, many refugees
Created by: Saenz2004
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