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Neurology
Ch. 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neurology | medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system and uses laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat the nervous system. |
| Cranium | the bones that cover the brain |
| Cerebral | Suffix: -al pertaining to CF: cerebr/o- cerebrum MD: pertaining to the cerebrum |
| Amnesia | partial or total (global) loss of memory of recent or remote experiences; consequences of a brain injury or a stroke that damages the hippocampus |
| Anencephaly | rare congenital condition in which some or all of the cranium and cerebrum are missing |
| Aphasia | loss of the ability to communicate verbally or in writing; occurs with head trauma, stroke, or Alz. when there is injury to the areas of the brain that deal with lang. & the interp. of sounds and symbols. |
| Dysphasia | limited impairment that involves some difficulty speaking or understanding words |
| Intracranial | S: -al pertaining to P: intra- within CF: crani/o- cranium; skull MD: Pertaining to within the cranium or skull. |
| Cephalgia/ headache | pain in the head; also known as Headache |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/ Stroke | disruption or blockage of blood flow to the brain, which causes tissue death and an area of necrosis; also known as a stroke or brain attack; severity & symptoms depend on how much brain tissue dies |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a temporary lack of oxygenated blood to an area of the brain; similar to a CVA; effects only last 24 hrs |
| Hemiparesis | muscle weakness on one side of the body |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body |
| Concussion | traumatic injury to the brain that results in an immediate loss of consciousness (LOC) for a brief or prolonged period of time |
| Contusion | traumatic injury to the brain or spinal cord |
| Dementia | disease of the brain in which many neurons in the cerebrum die, the cerebral cortex shrinks in size, and there is progressive deterioration in mental function |
| Alzheimer's Disease | hereditary dementia that is known to run in families with inherited mutations on chromosomes--most common type of dementia |
| Dyslexia | difficulty reading and writing words even though visual acuity and intelligence are normal |
| Encephalitis | inflammation & infection of the brain caused by a virus (herpes simplex virus is the most common) |
| Photophobia | associated w/ migraine headaches S: -ia condition;state;thing CF: phot/o- light CF: phob/o- avoidance; fear MD: Conition of fear of light |
| Epilepsy | recurring condition in which a group of neurons in the brain spontaneously sends out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled way |
| Seizures | convulsions; when a group of neurons in the brain spontaneously sends out electrical impulses in an abnormal uncontrolled way |
| Hematoma | localized collection of blood that forms in the brain because of trauma to the cranium or the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or an AVM (arteriovenous malformation) |
| Hydrocephalus | condition in which an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid is produced or the flow of the fluid is blocked, intracranial pressure increases, distends the ventricles in the brain |
| Meningitis | inflammation or infection of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord caused by a bacterium, virus, or fungus. |
| Nuchal rigidity | stiff neck with pain and inability to touch the chin to the chest--- important sign of meningitis |
| Narcolepsy | brief, involuntary episodes of falling asleep during daytime while engaged in activity |
| Parkinson's Disease | chronic, degenerative disease due to an imbalance in the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain. |
| Syncope | temporary loss of consciousness; patient becomes lightheaded and faints and remains unconscious--fainting |
| Meningocele | protrusion of the meninges through the skin; this is a neural tube defect |
| Meningomyelocele | protrusion of the meninges and the spinal cord through the skin---also called myelomeningocele |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of the legs |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| Anesthesia | condition in which sensation of any type is absent |
| Neuralgia | pain along the path of a nerve and its branches that is caused by an injury |
| Causalgia | severe, burning pain along a nerve and its branches |
| Neuritis | inflammation or infection of a nerve |
| Polyneuritis | generalized inflammation of many nerves in one part of the body or all the nerves of the body |
| Neuroma | benign tumor of the nerve |
| Neuropathy | general category for any type of disease or injury to a nerve |
| Paresthesia | condition in which abnormal sensations, such as tingling, burning, or pinpricks, are felt on the skin; often a result of chronic nerve damage from a pinched nerve or diabetic neuropathy |
| Myelography | procedure in which a radiopaque contrast dye is injected into the subarachnoid space at the level of L3 and L4 vertebrae |
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | procedure to record the electrical activity of the brain |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | computerized recording of brain waves |
| Polysomnography | procedure to diagnose the underlying conditions that can cause insomnia, sleep disruption, sleep apnea, or narcolepsy. |
| Babinski's sign | neurological test in which the end of the metal handle of a percussion hammer is used to firmly stroke the lateral sole of the foot from the heel to the toes |
| Lumbar puncture (LP)/ spinal tap | procedure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSP); known as a spinal tap |
| Carotid Endarterectomy | procedure to remove plaque from the carotid artery |
| Craniotomy | process of making an incision in the cranium or skull |
| Diskectomy | surgical removal of an (intravertebral) disc |
| Laminectomy | surgical removal of the lamina (flat area on a vertebra) |
| Antiepileptic Drugs | these medications are used to prevent seizures of epilepsy; also known as anticonvulsant drugs |
| Neurologists | physicians who practice in the medical specialty of neurology |
| Neurosurgeon | doctors who perform surgery on the brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| CSF CVA EEG LP TIA | -cerebrospinal fluid -cerebrovascular accident -electroencephalogram; electroencephalography -lumbar puncture -transient ischemic attack |
Created by:
Ash_Nic
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