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Med.Term Ch15 Vocab
Chabner, Language of Medicine 11th edition-Chapter 15 Vocabulary
| Vocabulary | Meaning |
|---|---|
| abduction | Movement away from midline of body |
| acetabulum | Rounded depression in pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint |
| acromion | Outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder |
| adduction | Movement toward midline of body |
| articular cartilage | Smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint |
| articulation | Any type of joint |
| bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton |
| bone depression | Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageway for blood vessels and nerves |
| bone process | Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments |
| bursa (plural: bursae) | Sac of fluid near a joint |
| calcium | A mineral constituent of bone |
| cancellous bone | Spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of bone |
| cartilage | Flexible, connective tissue |
| collagen | Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues |
| compact bone | Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones |
| cranial bones | Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal |
| diaphysis | Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone |
| disk (disc) | Flat, round, plate-like structure |
| dorsiflexion | Upper movement of the foot |
| epiphyseal plate | Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes in the immature skeleton |
| epiphysis | Each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate |
| extension | Straightening of a flexed limb |
| facial bones | Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic |
| fascia | Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles |
| flexion | Downward movement of the foot |
| fontanelle | Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
| foramen magnum | Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes |
| haversian canals | Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone |
| insertion of a muscle | Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves |
| ligament | Fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones |
| malleolus | Round process on both sides of the ankle joint |
| manubrium | Upper portion of the sternum |
| mastoid process | Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
| medullary cavity | Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone |
| meniscus | Crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee |
| metaphysis | Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate |
| olecranon | Large process on the proximal end of the ulna |
| origin of a muscle | Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone |
| orthopedist | Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions |
| osseous tissue | Bone tissue |
| ossification | Process of bone formation |
| osteoblast | Bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
| osteoclast | Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue |
| periosteum | Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
| phosphorus | Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
| physiatrist | Medical doctor who specializes in rehabilitation |
| plantar flexion | Bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground |
| pronation | Turning the palm downward |
| pubic symphysis | Area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis |
| red bone marrow | Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
| ribs | Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall; true ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8-10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12 |
| rotation | Circular movement around a central point |
| sella turcica | Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
| sinus | Hollow air cavity within a bone |
| skeletal muscle | Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle |
| smooth muscle | Visceral muscle |
| striated muscle | Skeletal muscle |
| styloid process | Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
| supination | Turning the palm upward |
| suture | Immovable joint between bones |
| suture joint | Immovable joint |
| synovial cavity | Space between bones at a synovial joint |
| synovial fluid | Viscous fluid within the synovial cavity |
| synovial joint | Freely movable joint |
| synovial membrane | Tissue lining the synovial cavity; produces synovial fluid |
| temporomandibular joint | Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw |
| tendon | Fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones |
| trabeculae | Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone |
| vertebra | Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina |
| visceral muscle | Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle |
| xiphoid process | Lower, narrow portion of sternum |
| yellow bone marrow | Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
Created by:
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Mrs.Aitchison
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