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Turf Spray
NC Pesticide Cert.Core Manual Terms Q-Z
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Quarantine | A regulatory method to control the introduction and dissemination of plant and animal pests into new areas. Involves inspections, treatments, and destruction of contaminated plants/animals or their parts. |
| Repellent | A compound that keeps insects, rodents, birds, or other pest away from plants, domestic animals, buildings or other treated areas. |
| Residual Pesticide | A pesticide that continues to remain effective on a treated surface or area for extended period following application. |
| Residue | The pesticide active ingredient or its breakdown product(s) that remain in or on the target site or in the environment after treatment. Pesticide residues may be on treated crops, feed products, or livestock that are moved from the treatment site. |
| Resistant | A population of organisms that are uninjured or unaffected by a certain dosage of pesticide chemical used to successfully control other populations of the same organism. Also, plants and animals that are unaffected by a pest species (See TOLERANT) |
| Restricted-Entry interval (REI) | The amount of time that must elapse between treatment of the crop and the time when a person can reenter and handle the crop without wearing protective clothing and equipment or receiving early-entry training. Also referred to as REENTRY INTERVAL. |
| Restricted-Use Pesticide | Pesticide that can be purchased only by certified pesticide applicators and used only by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision. Not available for use by the general public because of high toxicities and/or environmental hazards. |
| Rinsate | A liquid obtained from rinsing pesticide containers and application equipment |
| Rodenticide | A chemical used to control rodents. |
| RTU (ready to use) | Low concentrate formulations that are ready to use and require no further dilution before application. |
| Runoff | The movement of water and associated materials on the soil surface |
| Safener | An adjuvant used to reduce the phytotoxic effects of a pesticide. |
| Saturated Zone | The layer of soil, sand, gravel, or fractured bedrock in which all available spaces are filled with water. |
| Secondary Pest | A pest that becomes a serious problem when a key pest or natural enemy is controlled or eliminated. |
| Seed Protectant | A pesticide applied to seeds before planting to protect them from insects, fungi, and other soil pest. |
| Selective Pesticide | A pesticide that is toxic to some pests but has little or no effect on other similar species. Ex: some fungicides are so selective that they control only powdery mildews and no other fungi. |
| Service Container | A container designed to hold concentrate or diluted pesticide mixtures; not the original pesticide container. |
| Shelf Life | The maximum period of time that a pesticide concentrate can remain in storage before losing some of its effectiveness. |
| Signal Words | Words that are required to appear on every pesticide label to denote the relative acute toxicity of the products. |
| Signal Words | The signal words are Danger-Poison used with a skull and crossbones symbol for potentially lethal products, Danger for severe skin and eye damage, Warning for moderately toxic, or Caution for slightly toxic compounds. |
| Site | The crop, animal, structure, commodity, or area where a pesticide is applied to control pests. |
| Slurry | A thick suspension of a pesticide made from a wettable powder and water. |
| Soil Drench | To soak or wet the ground surface with a pesticide. Large volumes or the pesticide mixture are usually needed to saturate the soil to any depth. |
| Soil Incorporation | The movement of pesticide into soil by either mechanical means or irrigation. |
| Soil Injection | The placement of a pesticide below the surface of the soil. This is a common application method for fumigants and termiticides. |
| Solubility | The ability of a chemical such as a pesticide to dissolve in a solvent, usually water. |
| Soluble Powder | A finely ground dry pesticide formulation that will dissolve in water or some other liquid carrier. |
| Solution | Mixture of one or more substances in another substance (usually a liquid) in which all the ingredients are completely dissolved. Ex: sugar in water |
| Solvent | A liquid such as water, oil, or alcohol that will dissolve another substance (solid, liquid, or gas) to form a solution. |
| Spore | The reproductive unit of a fungus. A spore is analogous to a plant seed. |
| Spot Treatment | An application to a small, localized area where pest are found. |
| Spray Deposit | The amount of pesticide chemical that remains on a sprayed surface after the droplets have dried. |
| Spreader | An adjuvant used to enhance the spread of a pesticide over a treated surface, thus improving the coverage. |
| Stability | Refers to the ability of a chemical such as a pesticide to resist breaking down into metabolites. A highly stable pesticide can be stored for long periods without loss of activity. |
| State Lead Agency (SLA) | The agency within a stat or territory designated by the EPA as having the authority for carrying out the provisions of FIFRA |
| Sterilant | A pesticide that prevents pest from reproducing. |
| Sticker | An adjuvant used to improve the adherence of spray droplets to a plant, animal, or other treated surface. |
| Stomach Poison | A pesticide that must be eaten by an animal to be effective -it will not kill on contact. |
| Structural Pests | Pests that attack and destroy building and other structures, clothing, stored food, and manufactured/processed goods. Ex: termites, cockroaches, clothes moths, rats, dry-rot fungi. |
| Summer Annual | Plants that germinate in the spring or summer and complete their life cycle within one year. |
| Supplemental Labeling | EPA approved written, printed, or graphic material supplied by the pesticide manufacturer that provides additional product info not present on the current container label. |
| Supplemental Labeling | The additional info my include new application sites and rates, safety guidelines, Worker Protection Standard and PPE requirements, and endangered species advisories. |
| Surfactant | An inert ingredient that improves the spreading, dispersing, and/or wetting properties of a pesticide mixture. |
| Susceptible | A plant, animal, or site that is affected by a pest. Also refers to pest populations that con be controlled by pesticides. |
| Suspension | A pesticide mixture consisting of fine particles dispersed or floating in a liquid, usually water or oil. Ex: wettable powders or flowables in water |
| Swath | The width of the area covered by one sweep of an airplane, ground sprayer, spreader, or duster. |
| Symptom | Any detectable change in an organism resulting from the activities of a pathogen or other pest. Also, an indication of pesticide poisoning in humans and other animals. |
| Synergism | The effect of two or more pesticides applied together that is greater than the sum of the individual pesticides applied separately. Ex: Pesticide X kills 40% of an insect population; Pesticide Y Kills 20%. When applied together, X and Y kills 95%. |
| Systemic Effects | Poisoning effects that occur at sites other than the entry point into the body. |
| Systemic Pesticide | A chemical that is absorbed and translocated within a plant or animal. |
| Tank Mix | A mixture of products in a spray tank. |
| Target | The plants, animals, structures, areas, or pests at which the control method is directed. |
| Temperature Inversion | Weather-related event that occurs when cool air is trapped near the surface under a layer of warm air. |
| Temperature Inversion | Under these conditions very little vertical mixing of air occurs, and small spray droplets or vapors may remain suspended in the cool air layer for long peroids and move with any air flow. Damage from spray drift often occurs under such conditions. |
| Termiticide | An insecticide used to control termites |
| Thickener | A drift control adjuvant such as cellulose or gel used to promote the formation of a greater proportion of large droplets in a spray mixture. |
| Tolerance | The maximum amount of a pesticide residue that may legally remain on or in food or feed commodities at harvest or slaughter; established by the EPA for each crop and every pesticide used on a specific crop. |
| Tolerant | A characteristic of organisms (including pest) that are able to withstand a certain degree of stress such as weather, pesticides, or attack by a pest. |
| Toxic | Poisonous to living organisms. |
| Toxicant | A poisonous substance such as the active ingredient in a pesticide formulation. |
| Toxicity | The degree or extent to which a chemical or substance is poisonous. |
| Toxicology | The study of the effects of toxic substances on living organisms. |
| Toxin | A naturally occurring poison produced by plants, animals, or microorganisms. Ex: poison produced by the black widow spider, the venom produced by snakes, the botulism toxin. |
| Trade Name | The brand name that is registered as a trademark by the manufacturer |
| Translocation | The movement of materials within a plant or animal from the site of entry. A systemic pesticide is translocated. |
| Triple-Rinse | The process of decontaminating an empty pesticide container by partially filling the container with water, replacing the lid, shaking the container, and the pouring the rinsate in the spray tank. The process is repeated three times. |
| Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) | Sprays that are applied at 0.5 gallon or less per acre, often as the undiluted formulation. |
| Unclassified Pesticides | Pesticides that are commonly referred to as general-use pesticides. They can be bought and used by the general public without special permits or restrictions. |
| Vapor Drift | The movement of chemical vapors from the application site. Like pesticide spray drift, vapor drift can injure not-target plants or animals. |
| Vapor Pressure | The property that causes a chemical to evaporate. The higher the vapor presure, the more volatile the chemical -the easier it will evaporate. |
| Vector | an animal (e.g., insect, nematode, mite) or plant (e.g., dodder) that can carry and transmit a pathogen from one host to another. |
| Vertebrate | An animal characterized by a segmented backbone or spinal column. |
| Virus | Ultra microscopic parasites. Viruses can multiply only in living tissues and cause many animal and plant diseases. |
| Volatility | The degree to which a substance changes from a liquid or solid state to a gas at ordinary temperatures when exposed to air. |
| Warning | A signal word used on pesticide products that are considered moderately toxic. |
| Water-Dispersible Granule | A dry, granular formulation that breaks apart and disperses to form a suspension when added to water (See DRY FLOWABLE) |
| Water-soluble Concentrate | A liquid pesticide formulation that dissolves in water to form a true solution. |
| Water-Soluble Packet | Wettable powder or soluble powder formulations packaged in special type of plastic bag that dissolves and releases it contents when placed in water. |
| Water Table | The boundary between the overlying unsaturated rock or soil and the saturated zone. |
| Weed | A plant growing where it is not wanted or where it is in direct conflict with the well-being of humans and their activities. |
| Wettable Powder | A dry pesticide formulation in powder form that forms a suspension when added to water |
| Wetting Agent | An adjuvant used to reduce the surface tension between a liquid and the contact surface for more thorough coverage. |
| Winter Annual | Plants that germinate in the fall and complete their life cycle within one year. |
| Worker Protection Standard (WPS) | A federal regulation, adopted by reference in NC regulations, that intends to reduce the risk of pesticide poisoning and injuries among agricultural workers and handlers. |
| Worker Protection Standard (WPS) | The WPS requires agricultural employers to provide protections to workers and handlers, including but not limited to: safety training, posting of application sites, and decontamination supplies. |
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rpickler1
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