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WORLD HIST UNIT 6
Absolutism, Enlightenment and Revolutions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enlightenment | an 18th-century movement that sought to apply scientific methods to the study of society and its problems |
| Locke | believed in a social contract between government and the people where the people kept the natural rights and government should protect those rights |
| Voltaire | philosopher during the Enlightenment period wrote Candide; ridiculed bigotry and prejudice and supported freedom of expression |
| Rousseau | Author of The Social Contract, which stated that only the people of a country have true power, criticized the idea of absolutism |
| Louis XIV | known as the Sun King, built a palace at Versailles as a means to consolidate absolute power; a series of wars at the end of his long reign drained France's wealth |
| Peter the Great | transformed Russia into a modern state; was an absolute monarch who brought the ways of Western Europe to Russia and made various reforms |
| Absolutism | principle of complete and unrestricted government power that was usually in the hands of one person |
| Natural Rights | rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings and cannot be taken from them by a government |
| Social Contract | an agreement in which people give power to a government in return for its protections |
| Palace of Versailles | Royal French residence and seat of government established by King Louis XIV |
| Glorious Revolution | William of Orange took the throne from King James II in 1688. It broke a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution. |
| Parliament | directly elected body required to make or approve all the most important decisions of a country |
| English Bill of Rights | specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarch |
| American Revolution | war between Great Britain and its American colonies by which the colonies won their independence |
| French Revolution | A major change in government that brought an end to the absolute monarchy and a start to a representative government |
| 1st Estate | The class of French society made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church |
| 2nd Estate | The class of French society made up of the nobility |
| 3rd Estate | Largest Estate made up of Bourgeoisie, Peasants, and Urban Workers. Had the least money and power but paid the virtually all of the taxes |
| Louis XVI | King of France before and during the French Revolution before being overthrown during revolution and later beheaded |
| Constitutional Monarchy | system of government in which a country is ruled by a king and queen whose power is limited by a constitution |
| Haitian Revolution | series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804 between slaves, colonists, the armies of the British and French colonizers, and a number of other parties |
Created by:
ddenson80
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