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Final Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magna Carta | the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 |
| Mary and William of Orange | rulers of England 1688, supported by parliament, Glorious Revolution |
| English Bill or Rights (1689) | Guaranteed that Englishmen had certain rights |
| Natural rights | Lockes view of all people have these rights at birth- life liberty and property |
| Philosophers | French thinkers who believed the use of reason could lead to reforms in gov law and society |
| Laissez-faire | economic system in which the government minimizes its interference with the economy |
| republic | Governed by elected representatives (Representative Democracy- USA) |
| Enlightenment Ruler: Catherine the Great of Russia | Absolute ruler who adopted some enlightenment ideas |
| Thomas Hobbes | Social contract, must give up freedom for benefit of a strong ruler AKA absolute Monarchy |
| John Locke | Natural rights life liberty and property; if the gov does not protect these rights then, people have the right to over throw the government. |
| Rousseau | A social contract between government and the people; consent to be governed: people have the power |
| Adam Smith | Wealth of Nations: supported free market - capitalism |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Separation of powers into branches and checks and balances within the government AKA US Constitution |
| Voltaire | Freedom of speech and religion; 1st Amendment rights |
| Mary Wollenstonecraft's beliefs were ___________ | Women's rights, equal education |
| Cesar Beccaria | "no cruel and unusual punishment" and rights of the accused = due process of law. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Wrote Declaration of independence took ideas from J Locke - "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." |
| Enlightenment | Era of reason |
| Where did the Enlightenment start? | France |
| Greece practiced what type of Democracy? | Direct |
| Greek Leaders: Solon, Cleisthenes, and Pericles all contributed to the development of: | democracy |
| Democracy | A government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives. |
| Citizen | People who had the right to participate in government |
| Direct Democracy | A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives |
| Monarchy | rule by a single person; Royalty- based on inheriting the position |
| French Revolution | it brought an end to the absolute monarchy and a start to a representative government |
| Old Regime | A combination of the absolute monarchy and feudalism in France; it included the three estates |
| Estates | The social classes in France |
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