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Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Language | A set of sounds and symbols that are used for communication |
| Mutual Intelligibility | Ability of two people to understand each other when speaking |
| Standard Language | The variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of public life |
| Dialect | Variants of a standard language among regional or ethnic lines. |
| Dialect Chain | A group of contiguous dialects where the dialects nearest to each other geographically are the most similar and the dialects farther apart are least similar. |
| Isogloss | A geographic boundary where linguistic features occur. |
| Language Family | Group of languages with a shared but distant origin |
| Language Subfamilies | Divisions within a language family where commonalities are more definite and the origin is more recent |
| Cognate | A word in one language that shares its origin with a word in another language. Cognates have similar meanings and spellings and show shared origin and connections among languages. |
| Language Divergence | Process where discrete, new languages are eventually formed from one language. Happens when people speaking two dialects of a language are relatively isolated from each other and have little spatial interaction; the opposite of language convergence |
| Backward Reconstruction | Tracking sound shifts and hardening consonants backward to uncover an original language. |
| Language Convergence | Process where two languages collapse into one language. Happens when people speaking two languages have frequent and consistent spatial interaction with each other; the opposite of language divergence. |
| Extinct Language | Language without any native speakers. |
| Conquest Theory | Idea that early speakers of Proto-Indo-European left the hearth are and moved westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues. |
| Agriculture Theory | The theory that the Proto-Indo-European language spread with the diffusion of agriculture |
| Vernacular | A language used in everyday interaction among a group of people in a local area. |
| Lingua Franca | Language used for trade or cultural interaction among people who speak different languages. |
| Pidgin Language | Combination of two or more languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary. |
| Creole Language | A Language that began as a pidgin language and was later adopted as the mother tongue of a people. |
| Toponym | Place name. |
Created by:
SchoolEnjoyer96
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