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4.5 Maritime Empires
AP World History 4.5 Maritime Empires Maintained and Dvlpd
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did European rulers use to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories? | Mercantilist policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. |
| What entities were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration? | Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade. |
| What did Joint-stock companies help rulers to do? | compete against one another in global trade. |
| Define Mercantilism. | Mercantilism: government and business working together (monopolies) to produce gold/silver profit for mother country by controlling colonial trade (merchandise). |
| Webster's definition. | an economic system developing during the decay of feudalism to unify and increase the power and especially the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy |
| What was the goal of the policies of Mercantilism? | usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufactures, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies. |
| What is the Boston Tea Party an example of? | It often led to smuggling or reaction (note: this example is from 1770s or just beyond our early modern time period of 1450-1750) Boston Tea Party. There were not high taxes but a BEIC monopoly. Colonists claimed no taxation without representation. |
| What was the tea tax used for? | The tax was used to pay UK colonial officials rather than them being paid by taxes that locals controlled (MA governor’s sons were tea merchants). |
| What happened to the local tax officials after the Boston Tea Party? | Locals in Boston were unable to bully local tax officials to resign (as they had with Stamp Act). |
| What was the value of the tea that was thrown overboard at the Boston Tea Party? | Over $1 million in tea was dumped into the water. |
| What is the lasting results of the Boston Tea Party? | Is it a problem that the US was created, in part, by property destruction? note the more recent non-violent tea party movement |
| What was the name of companies that were owned by many people? Why were these companies created? | Joint-stock companies: businesses owned by many people in order to raise money and reduce risk. Individual portions of ownership may be bought/sold at will; normally made with a royal charter (e.g., Walmart); example: Virginia company settled Jamestown. |
| What did economic disputes lead to? | Economic disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. Competition over trade routes: |
| Who did the Moroccans conflict with? | Moroccan conflict with the Songhai Empire |
| Who were the two rivals in the Indian Ocean territories? | Muslim–European rivalry in the Indian Ocean: |
| What was trade like in Indian Ocean before the Europeans arrived? | Before Europeans arrived in the Indian Ocean in the 1500s, trade was relatively free. |
| Why did Europeans have to resort to violence to control trade? | Europeans had nothing of real value to trade, so they instead used guns to control the trade. |
| Where did Muslim merchants operate? | Muslims merchants operated along the Swahili coast, and out of Arabia, Mughal India, and SE Asia. |
| What did Europeans use to pay for their trade items? | Europeans could have purchased items with gold/silver but preferred to force others to pay them to trade. Since others were mostly land-based empires they did not have navies to resist. |
| What did Europeans do with others' traded items? | Europeans taxed others’ trade or insisted others buy and sell only with them. Successive European powers dominated this trade for centuries: Portugal 1500s, Dutch 1600s, English and French 1700s. |
| What did the Atlantic Trading System involve? | The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of goods, wealth, and labor, including slaves. |
| What does "Triangular Trade" mean? | The phrase “triangular trade” is somewhat of a misnomer. It could be considered a three-way system in that slaves came from Africa, raw materials from the Americas, and “manufactured” products from Europe. Connected four continents. |
| Why is "Triangular Trade" considered a misnomer? | True it connected three “locations” but it involved four continents. |
| What were Europe's products? | Europe’s “manufactured” products included textiles, alcohol, and guns. |
| What materials came from the America's? | Raw materials from the Americas meant timber, tobacco, and sugar. |
| What was the new global circulation of goods was facilitated by? | by chartered European monopoly companies and the global flow of silver, especially from Spanish colonies in the Americas, which was used to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets and satisfy Chinese demand for silver. |
| What helped Afro-Eurasian regional markets to flourish? | Regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using established commercial practices and new transoceanic and regional shipping services developed by European merchants. |
| What percentage of the world's silver came from the Americas? | The Americas produced 80% of the world’s silver (100,000 tons! or 2,000,000 pounds ($300,000,000?). Japan also produced some. |
| where did the silver from the Americas end up? | One third of silver ended up in China, some crossed Pacific directly, the rest went to Europe and then to Asia. Ironic that today Bolivia is one of the poorest countries. Of course it had to be mined and processed, mostly done with Native American labor. |
| Why is Bolivia one of the poorest countries today? | Ironic that today Bolivia is one of the poorest countries. Of course it had to be mined and processed, mostly done with Native American labor. |
| Who dominated the trade in the Indian Ocean and why? | The British East India Company (BEIC) as well as the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) dominated trade in the Indian Ocean. These companies were so powerful that they had their own armies. |
| Where did the regional markets grow? | Regional markets grew within Europe and the Mediterranean; also S Asia and E Asia. |
| What happened in response to the increased demand for food and consumer goods? | Peasant and artisan labor continued and intensified in many regions as the demand for food and consumer goods increased. |
| What was the product of peasant and artisan labor in Western Europe? India? China? | Increased peasant and artisan labor: § Western Europe— wool and linen § India—cotton § China—silk These examples all pertain to cloth. |
| What was the product of peasant and artisan labor in Europe? | People in Europe raised sheep, sold the wool to refiners and dyers; it was made into cloth by hand until 1800 Europeans also processed linen which is made from fibers from the flax plant. |
| What product was raised in India and woven into cloth by hand? | India raised cotton (other places did also), converted it to thread and wove the cloth by hand. |
| What did the Chinese raise and convert to thread and cloth? | China raised silk worms and mulberry trees, and converted cocoons to thread and cloth. |
| What did diets mostly consist of at these times? | Most diets consisted of locally grown wheat, rice, and potatoes. |
| As cities grew, where were foods being supplied to? | As cities grew, and more people did non-farm labor, there was a need to supply/buy food at markets. |
Created by:
Saenz2004
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