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4.4 Empires Part 2
AP World History 4.4 Empires Continued 1450-1750
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the status of the existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean? | Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. |
| How was the state of the intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants at this time (1450 to 1750) | Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. |
| Who dominated the Swahili coast for trading? | Along the Swahili coast, Arabs dominated in the late 1400s especially in Kilwa. Then Portugal took over followed by the Omani. Other cities were also important such as Mombasa, Zanzibar, Mogadishu. |
| After the Arabs dominated the Swahili coast, who took over afterwards? | Then Portugal took over followed by the Omani. Other cities were also important such as Mombasa, Zanzibar, Mogadishu. |
| Who were conquered by Portugal, but gained back its empire in the 1600s? | The Omanis were conquered by Portugal but when Portugal waned in the 1600s it regained its empire on the coast of Arabia and Africa. |
| Where did the Omanis regain their empire? | The Omanis were conquered by Portugal but when Portugal waned in the 1600s it regained its empire on the coast of Arabia and Africa. |
| Where was Gujarat located? | Gujarat was along the upper west coast of south Asia with 2 major gulfs. |
| What was the state of Gujarat before Portugal arrived? | It was independent before Portugal arrived and was later conquered by the Mughal. |
| What island south of Borneo and east of Sumatra exported rice? | Java (an island south of Borneo, east of Sumatra) exported rice. It became the Mataram Sultanate. The Dutch infringed on the edge by 1600 but they did not have complete control. |
| What did Java become? | Java (an island south of Borneo, east of Sumatra) exported rice. It became the Mataram Sultanate. The Dutch infringed on the edge by 1600 but they did not have complete control. |
| What part of Asia did Spain primarily locate to? Why did they like this area? | Spain in Asia was primarily located in the Philippines. It was the western edge of the Pacific trade as galleons came from the Americas |
| What did the newly established colonial economies in the Americas largely depend on? | Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mit’a, |
| What type of new labor systems did the colonial economies introduce? | and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. |
| What was Incan mit'a | The Incan mit’a was a labor tax later adopted by the Spanish. |
| What is Chattle Slavery? | Chattel slavery (viewed as property not persons), mainly Africans (why not Native Americans?) came primarily to Brazil and the Caribbean. |
| What was indentured servitude? Where did it start? | Indentured servants were mostly Europeans bound to labor for a specified time period. |
| What was Encomienda? | Encomienda was control of a specific region including its inhabitants, originally for conquistadores, and was later outlawed. |
| What were haciendas? | Haciendas were self-sufficient ranches. Labor could be controlled in some cases severely. |
| What was done about many Native Americans that had their own plots of land? | Many Native Americans also continued on their own plots. Many Native Americans also worked in free labor situations. |
| What about those in the Amazon? | Most in the Amazon and in the N American west continued without intrusion. |
| What was the state of slavery in Africa at this period? | Slavery in Africa continued in its traditional forms, including incorporation of slaves into households and the export of slaves to the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean region. |
| Where were slaves exported to from Africa on the most part? | Slaves were exported to the Mediterranean in places such as Ottoman (could become eunuchs or concubines). Slaves were also sold into the Indian Ocean region. |
| What were slaves used for in the Ottoman empire? | eunuchs and concubines |
| What spurred the demand for slaves in the Americas? | The growth of the plantation economy increased the demand for slaves in the Americas, leading to significant demographic, social, and cultural changes. |
| Which sex of slaves were shipped more to the Americas? Males or females? | More male slaves were shipped to the Americas than females. |
| How would this impact both Africa and Americas? | Less females meant less women to carry babies and females were subject to sexual exploitation by slave owners. |
| When did the Americas begin to buy slaves and when did the demand for slaves increase exponentially? | The export of slaves from Africa to the Americas began slowly in the 1500s and then increased to enormous proportions by the 1700s. |
| Where did the highest numbers of slaves get sent to? | The majority of slaves were shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean. Only about 5% came to what is now the US. |
| What was the attitude towards slaves by the owners? | Slave owners found it was cheaper to work slaves to death and buy newly imported ones. |
| What was the Casta System? | The Casta system in Latin America found Europeans at the top, persons of mixed ethnicity in the middle, and Native Americans and African slaves at the bottom. |
Created by:
Saenz2004
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