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Africa vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| dune | A hill of sand formed by the wind, generally located in a desert or near an ocean. |
| extreme | To the greatest degree away from what is normal or common. |
| oases | Small, fertile regions in a desert that have a source of water, generally from a spring or well. |
| anoxic | A lack of oxygen in water, which can lead to the elimination of marine life in an area. |
| escarpment | A long cliff, created by faulting, that separates two plateaus. |
| estuary | The place where a river meets the sea, and freshwater and saltwater mix. |
| endemic | Common in a certain area or climate. |
| malaria | A serious disease that is spread by mosquitos. |
| mangrove | A tropical species of tree that grows in salty water on stilt-like roots. |
| migratory | Moving from one place to another during certain times of the year, especially in search of food and water. |
| seasonal | Occurring only during certain times of the year. |
| cataracts | Rough stretches of river rapids that are impassable by boat. |
| fertile | Capable of producing crops and vegetation. |
| Levant | The area that borders the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, including the modern countries of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, and the Palestinian territories. |
| papyrus | An early form of paper that was created by pressing reeds together. |
| silt | A type of clay or sediment left by floods; soil that can fertilize the land. |
| unification | The joining together of two parts to form one whole unit. |
| hereditary | Passed from parent to child. |
| hieroglyphs | Picture symbols that are used to convey specific sounds or ideas. |
| mummification | The act of preserving a dead body through the use of special oils and perfumes. |
| resurrected | Brought back to life. (past tense) (present tense resurrect: to bring back to life.) |
| scribes | People in charge of writing and keeping records. |
| vizier | The Egyptian pharaoh’s most trusted political advisor |
| caravans | Groups of travelers that travel together, usually for safety reasons. |
| mosques | Places of worship in Islam. |
| Muslims | People who practice the religion of Islam. |
| anarchy | Having no laws, rules, or formal government. |
| authoritarianism | Rule by an individual or a small group of people, characterized by a lack of personal freedoms or civil liberties. |
| civilian | A person who is not a member of the military. |
| fraudulent | Done with deceitfulness or trickery; fake. |
| transitional government | A government that rules for a limited amount of time, usually when the existing government collapses, until a permanent government can be established. |
| unstable | Frequently changing. |
| ancestry | The people in one's family from previous generations. |
| fast | To go without food for a period of time, usually for a specific purpose. |
| Ramadan | The holy month in Islam when Muslims fast during daylight hours. |
| souks | Arab marketplaces found in North Africa. |
| gender | Being male or female.. |
| griot | A west African storyteller responsible for keeping the oral history of the tribe. |
| linguistically | Having to do with spoken or written language. |
| sanitation | The process of keeping water supplies and other public areas clean and free of disease |
| apartheid | A government policy in South Africa (1948 - 1993) which severely restricted the rights and civil liberties of nonwhites. |
| conflict diamonds | Diamonds mined to fund wars and military actions, primarily in Africa. |
| diversified | having a variety of different types |
| drought | A long period of time with little rainfall. |
| famine | A severe shortage of food. |
| specialize | To concentrate on making or doing something that one is well-suited for. |
| subsistence agriculture | Farming or herding at a level that produces just enough to feed one's family, with little left over to sell at market. |
| uranium | A mineral used for fuel in nuclear reactors. |
| desertification | A process where semiarid areas become drier and less able to support plant life; generally caused by human actions, such as deforestation. |
| extinction | The death and elimination of every member of a given plant or animal species on Earth. |
| generate | To make or create. |
| overfarming | Farming in the same area without replenishing the soil, making the land no longer fertile. |
| overgrazing | Allowing a herd to graze in the same area over a long period of time without giving the land time to recover. |
| slash and burn farming | The farming practice of setting grass and trees on fire and letting the area burn to clear the land and to make the soil more fertile. |
| genocide | The intentional and organized killing of a group of people based on their ethnicity, race, religion, nationality, or other trait. |
| imperialism | The extension of power of one nation over another, often by territorial acquisition. |
| nationalism | A desire shared by members of a nation to create an independent state free from foreign rule. |
| pan-Africanism | A pro-African ideology that supports the unity and cooperation of all African nations. |
| supremacy | The state of being the most powerful. |
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Dark rider
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