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CSA Chapter 13
Male Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Balan/o | glans penis |
| Epididym/o | epididymis |
| Orch/o | testis or testicle |
| Orchi/o | testis or testicle |
| Orchid/o | testis or testicle |
| Perine/o | perineum |
| Prostat/o | prostate |
| Sperm/o | sperm (seed) |
| Spermat/o | sperm (seed) |
| Test/o | testies or testicle |
| Vas/o | vessel |
| Scrotum | skin-covered pouch in the groin divided into two sacs, each containing a testis and an epididymis |
| Testis | one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone; called testicle |
| Testicle | one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone; called testis |
| Sperm | male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the oocyte in the female to produce offspring; also called spermatozoon |
| Spermatozoon | male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the oocyte in the female to produce offspring; composed of a head, midpiece, and tail (flagellum), with the head containing the acrosome (tip) and nucleus; also called sperm |
| Epididymis | coiled duct on the top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission |
| Penis | erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum and corpora |
| Glans penis | bulging structure at the distal end of the penis (glans = acorn) |
| Prepuce | loosing casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision; foreskin |
| Foreskin | loosing casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision; prepuce |
| Vas deferens | duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct (vas = vessel; deferens = carrying away); also called ductus deferens |
| Ductus deferens | duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct (vas = vessel; deferens = carrying away); also called Vas deferens |
| Seminal vesicle | one of two sac-like structures behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side; secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer |
| Semen | a mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vessels, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm (semen= seed) |
| Ejaculatory duct | duct formed by the union of the (vas) deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra |
| Prostate gland | trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen (pro= before; stat= to stand); also called prostate |
| Prostate | trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes an alkaline fluid into the semen (pro= before; stat= to stand); also called prostate gland |
| Bulbourethral glands | pair of glands below the prostate, with ducts opening into the urethra, that adds a viscid (sticky) fluid to the semen; also called Cowper's glands |
| Cowper's gland | pair of glands below the prostate, with ducts opening into the urethra, that adds a viscid (sticky) fluid to the semen; also called bulbourethral glands |
| Perineum | external region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva (eternal genitals) and anus in a female |
| aspermia | inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm |
| azoospermia | semen without living spermatozoa; a sign of infertility in a male |
| oligospermia | decreased production and expulsion of sperm |
| mucopurulent discharge | drainage of mucus and pus |
| anorchism | absence of one or both testes |
| balanitis | inflammation of the glans penis |
| cryptorchism | undescended testicles; failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development; the testis most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair ( crypt= to hide); also called cryptorchidism |
| cryptorchidism | undescended testicles; failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development; the testis most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair ( crypt= to hide); also called cryptorchidism |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| erectile dysfunction (ED) | failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation because of physical or psychological dysfunction; formerly termed impotence ( im = not; potis = able) |
| hydrocele | hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis |
| hypospadias | congenital abnormal opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis (spadias= to draw away) |
| Peyronie's disease | a disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum, causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection |
| phimosis | a narrowed condition of the prepuce (foreskin) resulting in its inability to be drawn over the glans penis, often leading to infection; commonly requires circumcision (phimo = muzzle) |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, causing urinary obstruction; also called benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) |
| benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) | enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, causing urinary obstruction; also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) |
| prostate cancer | malignancy of the prostate gland |
| prostatitis | inflammation of the prostate |
| spermatocele | painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to, but separate from, the testicle |
| testicular cancer | malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm; classified in two groups according to growth potential |
| seminoma | most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells; highly treatable with early detection |
| nonseminoma | testicular tumor arising from more mature germ cells; these tumors have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas and often develop earlier in life; includes choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and yolk sac tumors |
| varicocele | enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis (varico=twisted vein) |
| Chlymydia | most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread |
| Gonorrhea | contagious, inflammatory of the genital mucous membrane caused by invasion of the gonococcus neisseria gonorrhoeae; the condition was named for the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be a leakage of semen |
| Syphilis | sexually transmitted infection caused by a spirochete and which may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papules that erode and form bloodless ulcers called chancres |
| Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV- 2) | virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which permits various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases; contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid (e.g., semen or vaginal secretions) |
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | virus transmitted by direct sexual contract that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals |
| condyloma acuminatum (pl. condylomata acuminata) | lesion that appears as a result of human papillomavirus; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as venereal or genital warts |
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic hypertrophy |
| Bx | biopsy |
| DRE | digital rectal examination |
| ED | erectile dysfunction |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| HSV-2 | herpes simplex virus type 2 |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease |
| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
| biopsy | tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia |
| biopsy of the prostate | needle biopsy of the prostate gland; often performed using ultrasound guidance |
| testicular biopsy | biopsy of a testicle |
| digital rectal examination (DRE) | insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate |
| prostrate | specific antigen (PSA) test |
| prostrate | blood test used to screen for prostate cancer; an elevated level of the antigen indicates the possible presence of tumor |
| urethrogram | x-ray of the urethra and prostate |
| semen analysis | study of semen, including a sperm count with observation of morphology (form) and motility; usually performed to rule out male infertility |
| endorectal sonogram of the prostate | scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic tranducer into the rectum; also used to guide needle biopsy; also called transrectal sonogram of the prostate |
| transrectal sonogram of the prostate | scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum; also used to guide needle biopsy; also called endorectal sonogram of the prostate |
| circumcision | removal of the foreskin (prepuce), exposing the glans penis |
| epididymectomy | removal of an epididymis |
| orchiectomy | removal of a testicle, also called orchidectomy |
| orchidectomy | removal of a testicle, also called orchiectomy |
| orchioplasty | repair of a testicle |
| orchiopexy | fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum |
| prostatectomy | removal of the prostate gland |
| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | removal of prostatic gland tissue through the urethra using resectscope, a specialed urologic endoscope; common trreatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH) |
| vasectomy | removal of a segment of the vas (ductus) deferens to produce sterility in the male |
| vasovasostomy | restoration of the function of the vas deferens to regain fertility after a vasectomy |
| chemotherapy | treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
| radiation therapy | treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation, usually from a cobalt source, to stop the proliferation |
| brachytherapy | radiation therapy technique involving internal implantation of radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer |
| brachy- | meaning short distance, refers to localized application |
| hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | use of hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production (e.g., testosterone) |
| penile prosthesis | implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis; used to treat physical impotence |
| penile self-injection | intracavernosal (into the columns of penile erectile tissue) injection therapy causing an erection; used in treatment of erectile dysfunction |
Created by:
alexandramila
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