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CSA Chapter 12
Urinary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| albumin/o | protein |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| cyst/o, vesic/o | bladder or sac |
| dips/o | thirst |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus (small ball) |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | glucose (sugar) |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies |
| lith/o | stone |
| meat/o | meatus (opening) |
| nephr/o, ren/o | kidney |
| py/o | pus |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis (basin) |
| ur/o, urin/o | urine |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| -oid | suffix meaning resembling |
| albuminoid | resembling albumin (referring to any protein) |
| anti- | prefix meaning against |
| -al | suffix meaning pertaining to |
| antibacterial | agent that kills bacteria such as soap |
| -scope | instrument for examination |
| cystoscope | special kind of endoscope that is used to examine the bladder |
| -tomy | suffix meaning incision |
| vesictomy, cystotomy | an incision into the bladder |
| poly- | suffix meaning many |
| -ia | suffix meaning condition of |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst (the need to drink many times) |
| -logist | suffix for a specialist in the study of a special area |
| urologist | physician who specializes in conditions of the urinary system |
| Glucose | form of sugar found in the blood and used for energy |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| ketonuria | presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
| glomeruli | plural form of glomerulus |
| -osis | suffix meaning condition or increase |
| ketosis | the condition of increased ketone bodies in the body |
| -iasis | suffix meaning formation or presence of |
| lithiasis | formation or presence of stones |
| ureterolithiasis | the condition of having a stone form in the ureter |
| -algia, -dynia | suffix meaning pain |
| urethralgia, urethrodynia | pain in the urethra |
| urethral meatus | structure through which urine leaves the body |
| nephrosis | abnormal condition of the kidney |
| renal | pertaining to the kidney |
| nephr/o | suffix for inflammation |
| pyonephritis | term for suppurative (forming pus) inflammation of the kidney |
| -plasty | surgical repair or reconstruction |
| pyeloplasty | surgical repair of the renal pelvis |
| kidneys | two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that excrete urine, remove wastes from the blood, and reclaim important electrolytes and water |
| renal cortex | outer part of the kidney |
| hilum | indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave |
| renal artery | one of two blood vessels that branch off the abdominal aorta that supplies the kidney with blood |
| renal vein | one of two blood vessels that drain the kidney and connect to the inferior vena cava |
| renal medulla | inner part of the kidney |
| calyces, calicies | funnel-shaped ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
| nephron | microscopic functional unit of the kidney; long convoluted tubular structure consisting of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule), proximal tubule, nephron loop, distal tubule |
| collecting duct | tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis |
| urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) | isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood: a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea |
| creatinine, serum | test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function |
| creatinine, serum | test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood |
| creatinine clearance testing | measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is "cleared" from the blood by the kidneys |
| urologic endoscopic surgery | use of specialized endoscopes (e.g., resectoscope) within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, or stent |
| resectoscope | urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect (cut and remove) lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate |
| intracorporeal lithotripsy | method of destroying stones with the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope; most commonly used to pulverize bladder stones |
| nephrotomy | incision into the kidney |
| nephrorrhaphy | suture of an injured kidney |
| nephrolithotomy | incision into the kidney for the removal of stones |
| nephrectomy | excision of a kidney |
| pyeloplasty | surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis |
| stent placement | use of a device (stent) to hold open vessels or tubes (e.g., an obstructed ureter) |
| kidney transplantation | transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient); also called renal transplantation |
| renal transplantation | transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient); also called kidney transplantation |
| urinary system | creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or diseases (e.g., bladder cancer) |
| noncontinent ileal conduit | removal of ileum portion to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag); |
| continent urostomy | an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage |
| orthotopic bladder | artificial bladder, placed at the site of the excised bladder, constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing "natural" voiding; also called neobladder |
| neobladder | artificial bladder, placed at the site of the excised bladder, constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing "natural" voiding; also called orthotopic neobladder |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder |
| kidney dialysis | methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure |
| hemodialysis | method of removing impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of thee artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer) |
| peritoneal dialysis | method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles |
| urinary catheterization | methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine |
| straight catheter | a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure |
| Foley catheter | indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period |
| suprapubic catheter | Indwelling catheter inserted directly into the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in patients requiring long-term catheterization |
| analgesic | drug that relieves pain |
| antibiotic | drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
| antispasmodic | drug that relieves spasm |
| diuretic | drug that increases the secretion of urine |
| alb | albumin |
| APKD | adult polycystic kidney disease |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| Bx | biopsy |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity |
| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
| hpf | high-power field |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| IVU | intravenous urogram |
| KUB | kidneys, ureters, bladder |
| lpf | low-power field |
| RP | retrograde pyelogram |
| SpGr | specific gravity |
| SUI | stress urinary incontinence |
| UA | urinalysis |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| VCU or VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram |
| incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine or feces |
| SUI (stress urinary incontinence) | involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing, and strained exercise |
| ketonuria | presence of ketone bodies in the urine |
| ketone bodies, ketone compounds | acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid; products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body's abnormal utilization of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation |
| nocturia | urination at night after waking up from sleep |
| oliguria | decreased urine production |
| polyuria | condition of excessive urination |
| pyuria | presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection |
| urinary retention | retaining of resulting from an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction |
| adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) | inherited conditon of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure; diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI's) |
| glomerulonephritis | form of nephritis involving the glomerulus |
| hyrdronephrosis | pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| nephrosis | degenerative disease of the renal tubules |
| nephrolithiasis | presence of stones in the kidney |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| urethrocytosis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
| urethral stenosis | narrowed condition of the urethra |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise |
| uremia (azotemia) | excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure |
| azotemia | excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure |
| cytoscopy | examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope |
| kidney biopsy (Bx) | removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination; also called renal biopsy |
| intravenous pyelogram (IVP) | x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast dye has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma, or some other pathology |
| intravenous urogram (IVU) | x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast dye has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma, or some other pathology (IVP) |
| kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) | abdominal X-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| scout film | plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging |
| renal angiogram | x-ray image of the renal vessels obtained after injection of contrast dye |
| renal arteriogram | x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery |
Created by:
alexandramila
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