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3.3 Belief Systems

AP World History 3.3 Changes in Belief Systems 2nd Term

QuestionAnswer
What marked a break in existing Christian traditions? The Protestant Reformation marked a break with existing Christian traditions and both the Protestant and Catholic reformations contributed to the growth of Christianity.
What caused the church's weakening in the 1300s, 1400s and 1500s? Catholic scholars today admit that by the 1500s the church had weakened through impotence in the plague 1300s, schisms 1400s, as well as moral failures.
What influenced people to think in different ways? The Renaissance beginning at least by the 1400s had also turned people to thinking in other ways.
What caused the condemnation of Wycliffe? Early attempts at reform led to the condemnation of Wycliffe d.1384 and the death of Hus d.1415.
Who was Martin Luther and what did he do that impacted the church? Martin Luther d.1546, a Catholic monk, believed that the church had strayed from the Bible in several ways. He sought to bring the church back to its origins. The church resisted and condemned Luther.
Who supported Martin Luther? German political leaders supported Luther who insisted that the Bible was the supreme authority.
Who taught that people were made right with God by "Faith that worked"? Martin Luther. He taught that people were made right with God by “faith that worked” rather than “faith plus works.”
What churches were created by the protest introduced by Martin Luther? Churches that arose from this “protest” included Lutherans and Presbyterians.
Where did the Protestants thrive? These Protestants tended to thrive in northern Europe while Catholicism held strong in the south. There are roughly 800 million Protestants today.
What were the basic beliefs of the Baptists, Quakers and Mennonites? Others such as Baptists, Quakers, and Mennonites separated further. They variously believed the church should be independent from the government, that Christians should be pacifists, and that baptism was for those old enough to understand their decision.
Why did Henry the VIII separate England from the Catholic church? In England Henry VIII d.1547 separated from the Catholic church for personal reasons. This led to the Church of England (Anglican; later Episcopal in the US).
How was the Church of England founded? In England Henry VIII d.1547 separated from the Catholic church for personal reasons. This led to the Church of England (Anglican; later Episcopal in the US).
Who said that she did not make windows into men's souls? Elizabeth, King Henry VIII's daughter d.1603 attempted some peaceful ground between warring sides declaring that she did not make windows into men’s souls. However, the Puritans arose to purify the church further.
Why were the Puritans named such? The Puritans arose to purify the church further.
What religions came first to the American colonies for religious freedom? When persecution continued, first the Pilgrims and then the Puritans came to the American colonies for religious freedom.
Who was at war in England in the 1600s? In the 1600s England was wracked with civil war between Puritans and Anglicans.
Who ruled briefly in the 1650s in England? Puritans ruled briefly 1650s but Anglicans were restored as supreme. The Glorious Revolution 1688 gave Parliament the upper hand.
What gave Parliament the upper hand? When? The Glorious Revolution 1688 gave Parliament the upper hand.
Who emphasized the sovereignty of God and was the author of important theological works? John Calvin d.1564 (of France and then Switzerland) was a second major figure along with Luther. He emphasized the sovereignty of God and was the author of important theological works.
What is TULIP? Who taught these concepts? His teaching can be summarized as follows TULIP: total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, preservation of the saints.
Who led people to hell? According to religious beliefs? Catholics and Protestants both believed the other one (and third parties) led people to hell. Persecution could involve death and war. Quite a lot of persecution accompanied these breaks.
Who started the Counter Reformation and why? Catholics started a Counter Reformation to clarify their teachings and bring Protestants back into their faith.
Who urged an end to corruption and excesses, as well as spiritual purification? The Council of Trent urged an end to corruption and excesses, and for spiritual purification.
What did the Council of Trent emphasize? They continued to emphasize the authority of the Pope, the glorification of Mary, the importance of sacraments (including the mass and transubstantiation) and works for salvation. The Catholic Bible contains more books than the Protestant Bible.
What massacre took place in France? Why? In France, the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre killed thousands of Protestant Huguenots.
What was the war that took place between 1618 and 1648? What was the result? Thirty Years’ War 1618-1648 (where populations declined so much that wolves roamed freely in some places) finally led to some peace between the two sides.
What was the impact of the Renaissance and the reformation? The impact of the Renaissance and Reformation included the scientific revolution. Later the Enlightenment arose in part in reaction to the religious wars.
What resulted from the reaction to the religious wars? Later the Enlightenment arose in part in reaction to the religious wars.
What intensified the split within Islam between Sunni and Shi’a? Political rivalries between the Ottoman and Safavid empires intensified the split within Islam between Sunni and Shi’a.
What was the most famous battle between the Safavid and the Ottoman? Reminder: Safavid was Shia and Ottoman were Sunni. The most famous battle between them was at Chaldiran in 1514 where the Safavid lost. However the Safavid lasted another 200 years.
What religion developed as a result of interactions between Hinduism and Islam? Sikhism developed in South Asia in a context of interactions between Hinduism and Islam.
How many Sikh are there in the world today? The Sikh religion bears some similarities to Hinduism and Islam. There are possibly 25 million today. It arose about 1500 in South Asia.
What IS Sikhism? Sikhs strive to train the mind and the senses to recognize the Divine Light.
Created by: Saenz2004
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