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Age of Revolutions
SHS MWH Unit 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Estates-General | an assembly of representatives from all three social classes in France |
| Louis XVI | king of France in the 1770s and 1780s, known for his extravagant spending and being executed in the French Revolution |
| Marie Antoinette | queen of France who spent so much money that she was called “Madame Deficit”; killed in French Revolution |
| Tennis Court Oath | pledge by Third Estate delegates to meet until they created a new constitution |
| National Assembly | first deliberate act of revolution by France’s Third Estate ; new law-making body that replaced Estates General |
| Maximilien Robespierre | The Jacobin leader who ruled over the Reign of Terror, in which thousands of French citizens were executed |
| Reign of Terror | period from mid1793-1794 when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | military leader who became Emperor of France after the French Revolution; created set of laws called the Napoleonic Code; tried to take over Europe and failed |
| Congress of Vienna | series of meetings of European powers to ensure the security and stability of a new European order after Napoleon’s defeat |
| Toussaint L’Ouverture | leader of Haitian Independence – former slave. |
| Simon Bolivar | Creole Venezuelan general Won independence for Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador |
| Jose de San Martin | Argentine Creole Won independence for Argentina, Chile and Peru |
| Father Miguel Hidalgo | started Mexican independence movement, followers were mestizos and natives. |
| Grito de Dolores | event where Hidalgo rang the church bell and called for a revolution |
| 1st Estate | Clergy, could hold political power too. Owned 10% of land; was 1% of population |
| 2nd Estate | Nobles, could hold political power. Owned 20% of the land; was 2% of population |
| 3rd Estate | 97% of population of France. Paid nearly all the taxes. Broken up into 3 groups: Bourgeoisie, City-Workers, Peasants |
| Marquis de Lafayette | French soldier who helped America during the American Revolution; moderate leader during the French Revolution |
| Georges Danton | Moderate leader during the French Revolution; executed during the Reign of Terror |
| Jean-Paul Marat | Radical leader during the Reign of Terror; assassinated by Charlotte Corday |
| Charlotte Corday | Conservative supporter who assassinated Marat hoping to end the violence; executed during Reign of Terror |
| Olympe de Gouges | author of Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen; executed during the Reign of Terror |
| Policarpa Salavarrieta | Woman who helped Colombian independence by spying on the Spanish. Captured and executed |
| Jose Maria Morelos | follower of Hidalgo who tried to create a new government for Mexico, but was eventually captured by royalist (Spanish supporting) forces. He was executed in 1815. |
| Tupac Amaru II | Peruvian man who led a rbellion against Spanish rule. Captured and executed in 1781 |
| Jean-Jacques Dessalines | 1st emperor of Haiti - led independence after L'Ouverture was killed. His heavy handed rule led to rebellions which eventually led to his death. |
| Storming of the Bastille | July 14th 1789; French mob attacks federal prison, executes the guards and mayor; considered French Independence Day |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | Document written by the National Assembly; declaring equality for all; freedom of speech, assembly, press, religion; inspired by DoI and Enlightenment ideas |
| Women's March | 1789 - also known as the March of the Fishwives; event where the women of Paris marched to Versailles to protest the price of bread. Took the king and queen hostage |
| Great Fear | 1789 - wave of violence in the French countryside where peasants destroyed manor homes and court houses in order to destroy legal tax documents |
| No Taxation Without Representation | Slogan of the American Revolution - refers to the idea that colonists were not represented in Parliament; thus they were being denied their rights as British subjects |
| Liberty, Equality, Fraternity | Slogan of the French Revolution |
| Committee of Public Safety | Government of France during the Reign of Terror. Led by Robespierre. Purpose was to protect the revolution from all enemies (foreign and domestic). |
Created by:
AGilstrap47
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