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Chapter 4
Human Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people. |
| Folk culture | small, incorporates a homogeneous population, is typically rural, and maintains cultural traits by passing them down through generations |
| Popular culture | large, incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and quickly changes cultural traits. |
| Local culture | group of people in a certain place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences and traits, and who work to preserve distinct customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others. |
| Material culture | includes things people construct, such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dance, and foods. |
| Nonmaterial culture | includes beliefs, practices, aesthetics (what is seen as attractive), and values. |
| Hierarchical diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on a hierarchy of connectedness. Specific type of expansion diffusion. |
| Hearth | Area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates. |
| Customs | practices that a group of people routinely follow. |
| Assimilation | When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force. |
| Indigenous local cultures | People who see themselves as a community and also identify as indigenous, or original, to a place. |
| Context | The physical and human geographies creating the place, environment, and space in which events occur and people act. |
| Neolocalism | Conscious effort to define a sense of place for local or regional culture. Often used by local businesses, such as microbreweries, to identify local products with local or regional culture. |
| Ethnic neighborhoods | Area within an urban area where a relatively large group of people from one ethnic group or local culture lives. |
| Gentrification | Renewal or rebuilding of a lower income neighborhood into a middle- to upper-class neighborhood, which results in driving up property values and rents and the dispossession of lower income residents. |
| Culture appropriation | the process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit. |
| Commodification | Transformation of goods and services into products that can be bought, sold, or traded. |
| Authenticity | The idea that one place or experience is the true, actual one. |
| Distance decay | Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth. |
| Time-space compression | Increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communication and transportation networks. |
| Music festival | Concert event featuring multiple performers and additional entertainment that often lasts more than one day. |
| Hallyu (Hanryu) | South Korean waves of popular culture, especially in music, television, and movies. |
| Reterritorialization | a process in which people start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and place and making it their own. |
| Stimulus diffusion | A process of diffusion where two cultural traits blend to create a distinct trait. |
| Relocation diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them. |
| Cultural landscape | the visible imprint of human activity on the land. |
| Placelessness | Loss of uniqueness of a location so that one place looks like the next. |
| Convergence of cultural landscapes | Merging of cultural landscapes that happens with broad diffusion of landscape traits. |
| Urban morphology | the size and shape of a place’s buildings, streets, and infrastructure |
Created by:
kayla.giset
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