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Explain the causes of the Columbian Exchange and its effects on the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
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What did the new connections between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres result in?
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4.3 Columbian Exch
AP World History 4.3 Columbian Exchange Term 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain the causes of the Columbian Exchange and its effects on the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. | food, diseases, slavery, animals brought to the Americas, exports, |
| What did the new connections between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres result in? | The new connections between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres: resulted in the exchange of new plants, animals, and diseases, known as the Columbian Exchange. |
| What did the European colonization of the America's lead to? | the unintentional transfer of disease vectors, including mosquitoes and rats, and the spread of diseases including smallpox, measles, and malaria. |
| What did the spread of disease do to the indigenous peoples of the Americas? | Some of these diseases substantially reduced the indigenous populations, with catastrophic effects in many areas. the diffusion of disease from east to west had: devastatingly destructive impact on Native American lives |
| What countries adopted American foods as staple crops? | American foods: became staple crops in various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. |
| How were the cash crops grown? | Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East. |
| Who imported crops that were grown with slave labor? | Cash crops were grown primarily on plantations with coerced labor and were exported mostly to Europe and the Middle East. |
| What was brought to the Americas to impact crops and food sources. | Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar, and domesticated animals were: brought by Europeans to the Americas, while other foods were brought by African slaves. |
| How did slaves impact the crops and foods consumed in the Americas? | other foods were brought by African slaves. African slaves: Okra, Rice |
| What domesticated animals were brought from Europe and Asia? | Domesticated animals: Horses, Pigs, Cattle; |
| Who benefited the most nutritionally from American food crops? | Populations in Afro-Eurasia benefitted: nutritionally from the increased diversity of American food crops. |
| Make a map showing the exchange of people, goods, ideas across the globe | Be ready to do this. |
| What percentage of Native Americans died because of exposure to the people from Europe and Asia? | populations of Native Americans: is hard to know but estimates say that up to 90% of people may have died |
| How were eastern people impacted by the infectious diseases that spread across the Native Americans when the different cultures came in contact? | eastern people had developed immunity to certain diseases: (like smallpox) and were carriers of them; contact with Native Americans who were not immune (like plague in east 1300s) |
| Who first accused the Europeans of intentionally slaughtering the Native Americans? | Alfred Crosby 1972 UT Austin argued this, in contrast to prior view that Europeans came over and intentionally slaughtered everyone |
| Why did Native Americans suffer so much? | Native Americans lost the engagement due to: disease, disunity, disparity of weapons, numbers |
| What was the main reason for the importation of African slaves to the Americas? | African slaves were brought in large numbers to the west to: work sugar plantations |
| Male or Female were mostly imported? Where were the highest numbers of Africans imported to work as slaves? | Africans came primarily to: Brazil and the Caribbean, mostly men brought; |
| Why were slaves basically dying as workers? | tragically worked to death (cheaper to bring more) |
| What were some reasons why Native Americans were not enslaved for the most part? | They could escape because they had a better understanding of the land, which African slaves did not. Consequently, the Natives who were captured and sold into slavery were often sent to the West Indies, or far away from their home. |
| In what capacity did many Europeans first come to the Americas? | many Europeans came, some as: temporary indentured servants |
| How impacted Native American religions? | European and African religions interacted with Native American religions: syncretism |
| What is syncretism? | the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought. |
| What religion became dominant in the Americas? | some form of Roman Catholicism would: become dominant |
| What made a big impact on western travel, diet and the workplace? | eastern large work animals (horses, cattle) were unknown to the west: would make a big difference in western travel, diet, workplace |
| What impact did the turkey have on the east? | western animals such as the turkey: did not have as big an impact on the east |
| What African foods enhanced western diets? | African foods like okra, rice, bananas, watermelon, black-eyed peas: enhanced western diets |
| What foods came from the East to the West? | sugar cane, grains, fruits, coffee, melons, onions came from: east to west; various kinds of beans and nuts went both ways |
| Who introduced beans and nuts? | various kinds of beans and nuts went both ways |
| What foods came from West to East? | potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts, sweet potatoes, cocoa, corn came from: west to east |
| What crop became wildly popular in the East? How was it raised? | tobacco, a western plant, was grown often with slave labor: and shipped to east |
| What did the variety and volume of crops and trade do for the East? | The increase in variety and volume of trade enhanced: diets nutritionally in both worlds, think Asia as well as Africa and Europe. |
| What impact did farming have on the environment? | The environmental impact was: huge as farming changed landscapes. |
| What was the opinion of the east about potatoes? | Some western foods like potato: were slow to gain acceptance in the east. |
| What was exported from the West to the East in HUGE quantities? Hint: it is not edible. | Gold and especially silver were exported from: west to east in phenomenal quantities. |
| What impact did the East have on the Aztecs? | Social: end of human sacrifice by: Aztecs, besides illness and killing. |
| What impact did the introduction of women from different cultures have on European people? | Interplay of ethnic groups produced: a mixture of progeny; mostly European men taking Native American and sometimes African women. |
| What hypothesis can be shortened into GGS? | Guns, Germs, and Steel hypothesis: lack of connection in the Americas limited their development |
| What unique item did the east bring to the west? | The east: brought iron to the west. |
| How did the east impact education? | The east , in some cases: brought literacy |
| What is the smaller portion of the International Columbian Exchange? | The Atlantic triangular trade is the smaller portion of the: international Columbian Exchange. |
Created by:
Saenz2004
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