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Chapter 4
Term | Definition |
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Culture | a group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people. |
Folk Culture | is small, incorporates a homogeneous population, is typically rural, and maintains cultural traits by passing them down through generations. |
Popular Culture | large, incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and quickly changes cultural traits. |
Local Culture | a group of people in a certain place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences and traits, and who work to preserve distinct customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others. |
Material Culture | includes things people construct, such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dance, and foods. |
Nonmaterial Culture | beliefs, practices, aesthetics (what is seen as attractive), and values. What members of a local culture produce in their material culture reflects the beliefs and values of their nonmaterial culture. |
Hierarchical Diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on a hierarchy of connectedness. Specific type of expansion diffusion. |
Hearth | Area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates |
Customs | practices that a group of people routinely follow |
Assimilation | When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force. |
Indigenous Local Cultures | People who see themselves as a community (see local culture) and also identify as indigenous, or original, to a place. |
Context | The physical and human geographies creating the place, environment, and space in which events occur and people act. |
Neolocalism | seeking out the regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world. |
Ethnic Neighborhoods | Area within an urban area where a relatively large group of people from one ethnic group or local culture lives. |
Gentrification | the renewal or rebuilding of a lower-income neighborhood |
Cultural Appropriation | the process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit |
Commodification | The process through which something (a name, a good, an idea, or even a person) that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought or sold becomes an object that can be bought, sold, and traded in the world market |
Authenticity | The idea that one place or experience is the true, actual one. |
Distance Decay | Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth. |
Time-space compression | Increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communication and transportation networks |
Music Festival | Concert event featuring multiple performers and additional entertainment that often lasts more than one day. |
Hallyu (Hanryu) | waves of South Korean popular culture that move quickly through Asia and that have resulted in significant growth in the South Korean entertainment and tourism industries (Fig. 4.21). |
Reterritorialization | a process in which people start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, doing so in the context of their local culture and place and making it their own |
Stimulus Diffusion | A process of diffusion where two cultural traits blend to create a distinct trait. |
Relocation Diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them. |
Cultural Landscape | the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape |
Placelessness | the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next. |
Convergence of cultural landscapes | Merging of cultural landscapes that happens with broad diffusion of landscape traits. |
Urban Morphology | the size and shape of a place’s buildings, streets, and infrastructure |