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CSA Chapter 7
Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o | adrenal gland |
| adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
| andr/o | male |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| dips/o | thirst |
| gluc/o | glucose |
| glucos/o | glucose |
| glyc/o | glucose |
| hormon/o | hormone |
| ket/o | ketone bodies |
| keton/o | ketone bodies |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland (steroid) |
| thyroid/o | thyroid gland (steroid) |
| adrenal glands | located on the superior surface of each kidney; the outer adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called suprarenal glands |
| suprarenal glands | located on the superior surface of each kidney; the outer adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, and the inner adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine; also called adrenal glands |
| steroid hormones | hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex |
| glucocorticoids | hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid |
| mineralocorticoid | hormones that maintain salt and water balance |
| androgens | hormones that influence development and maintenance of male sex characteristics (facial hair, deep voice) |
| catecholamines | hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sypathetic nervous system in stress response |
| epinephrine | hormone that is secretes in response to fear or physical injury; also called adrenaline |
| adrenaline | hormone that is secretes in response to fear or physical injury; also called epinephrine |
| norepinephrine | hormone that is secreted in response to hypotension (low blood pressure) and physical stress |
| ovaries | located on both sides of the uterus in the female pelvis; secretes estrogen and progesterone |
| estrogen | hormone that is responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics |
| progesterone | hormone that regulate uterine conditions during pregnancy |
| islets of Langerhans of the pelvis | endocrine tissue within the pancreas (the organ located behind the stomach, in front of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae); secretes insulin and glucagon; also called pancreatic islets |
| insuin | a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose (insulin=island) |
| glucagon | a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans that regulates carbohydrate metabolism by raising blood sugar |
| parathyroid glands | 2 paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
| pineal gland | located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin |
| melatonin | hormone that is involved with circadian rhythm (24 hour cycle); affects the onset of puberty |
| serotonin | hormone that constricts blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter |
| pituitary gland | |
| hypophysis | pituitary gland |
| anterior pituitary | anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called adenohypophysis |
| adenohypophysis | anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called anterior pituitary |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | hormone that stimulates secretion from the thyroid gland |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | hormone that stimulates the secretion from adrenal cortex |
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | hormone that initializing the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates the secretions of estrogen in females and the production of sperm in males |
Created by:
alexandramila
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