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Chapter 3

TermDefinition
Cyclic movement A type of movement defined by leaving home for a defined amount of time and returning home.
Activity spaces Places in which people move in the rounds of everyday activity.
Snowbirds Retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter.
Pastoralism A type of cyclic movement that happens when herders move livestock throughout the year to continually find freshwater and green pastures.
Transhumance A specialized form of pastoralism practiced in mountain areas when ranchers move livestock vertically to graze on highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months.
Relocation Diffusion This occurs when migrants take their cultural values and practices with them to their new location making an imprint on the cultural landscape.
International migration A movement across country borders.
Emigrants A term for those who migrate out of their home country.
Immigrants A term for those who migrate into a new country.
Net migrations The difference between immigration and emigration.
Refugees Migrants fleeing violence and persecution to find safety.
Remittances Money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries.
Reverse Remittances Money flowing from home countries to migrants in the United States.
Guest workers Migrants invited to a country to work temporarily but expected to return to their home country when their work visa expires.
Islands of development Cities in developing countries where foreign and domestic investment and job prospects are concentrated.
Internal migration This occurs when migrants stay in the same country but move to a different part of the country.
Diaspora Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force.
Assimilation When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. It can happen voluntarily or by force.
Human trafficking The recruitment of people by force, coercion, deception, or abduction with the aim of controlling and exploiting the person for labor or sexual exploitation.
Gulags Prison labor camps.
Distance decay The idea that the likelihood of a trait or innovation diffusing decreases the farther away in time or distance it moves from its origin (hearth).
Gravity model A mathematical prediction of the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places is based on population size and the distance between them.
Push factors Conditions and perceptions that help a migrant decide to leave a place.
Pull factors The factors that help a migrant decide which destination to go to.
Intervening opportunity Presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away.
Unauthorized or undocument migrants Migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. They can be authorized migrants with a visa who overstay the term of their visa or they can be those who enter a country without permission.
Coyotes Those who smuggle people across the border for a sizable fee.
Chain migration Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. An example is when a group of migrants settles in a place and then encourages family and friends at their former location to migrate along the same path.
Repatriation The return of a refugee or group of refugees to their home country usually with the assistance of a government or non-governmental organization.
Asylum seekers Migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country.
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) People who must leave their homes but remain in their own countries.
Bracero Program Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture.
Created by: pl250331
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