click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
AP Human Geography
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cyclic Movement | Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. A form of movement. |
Activity Spaces | Places within the rounds of daily activities. |
Snowbirds | Retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter. |
Pastoralism | A type of cyclical movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures. |
Transhumance | Migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze. |
Relocation Diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them. |
International Migration | Purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
Emigrants | People who permanently move out of their home country. |
Immigrants | A person who permanently moves into a new country. |
Net Migration | Difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the number of emigrants (those leaving a country). |
Refugees | Migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country. |
Remittances | Money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries. |
Reverse Remittances | Money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries. |
Guest Workers | Migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa. |
Islands of Development | Cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn. |
Internal Migration | Purposeful movement of people within a country with from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
Diaspora | Dispersal of people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force. |
Assimilation | When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. This can happen voluntarily or by force. |
Human Trafficking | A form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade. |
Gulags | Forced labor or prison labor camps. Most often associated with authoritarian countries. |
Distance Decay | Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth. |
Gravity Model | Urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places. |
Push Factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country. |
Pull Factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate. |
Intervening Opportunity | Presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away. |
Unauthorized or Undocumented Migrants | Migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. Could enter a country legally (authorized migrants with a visa), and stay when the visa expires. Can also enter without permission by crossing border without legal approval. |
Coyotes | A species of canine native to North America. |
Chain Migration | Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. For example, a group of migrants settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path. |
Repatriation | A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization (NGO). |
Asylum-Seekers | Migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country. |
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) | People who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries. |
Bracero Program | Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture. |