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Chapter 3 Vocabulary

Human Geography

TermDefinition
Cyclic movement Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. It is a form of movement.
Activity spaces Places within the rounds of daily activity
Snowbirds Retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter.
Pastoralism A type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures.
Transhumance Migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze.
Relocation diffusion Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them.
International migration Purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay.
Emigrants People who permanently move out of their home countries.
Immigrants People who permanently move into new countries.
Net migration Difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and emigrants (those leaving a country).
Refugees Migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country.
Remittances Money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries.
Reverse remittances Money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries.
Guest workers Migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa.
Islands of development Cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn.
Internal migration Purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay.
Diaspora Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force.
Assimilation When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can occur voluntarily or by force.
Human trafficking A form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade.
Gulags Forced labor or prison labor camps. Most often associated with authoritarian countries.
Distance decay Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth.
Gravity model Urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places.
Push factors Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country.
Pull factors Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate.
Intervening opportunity Presence of an opportunity near a migrant’s current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away.
Unauthorized or undocumented migrants Migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. Unauthorized migrants can be those who enter a country legally but stay after their visa expires. They can also be people who enter a country illegally by crossing a border.
Coyotes People who are payed a sizable fee by unauthorized migrants to smuggle the migrants across the border.
Chain migration Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. An example is a group of migrants that settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path.
Repatriation A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization.
Asylum seekers Migrants who claim the right to protection as refugees in a country other than their home country.
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) People who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries.
Bracero Program Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture.
Created by: pl233832
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