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3.1 Land Based Emp.
AP World History 3.1 Land Based Emp. 1st Term
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of... | gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres. |
| What Chinese creation helped protect settlers? | Gunpowder originated in China well before 1450. Settled peoples became able to fend off nomads. Huge Ottoman cannon defeated Constantinople. |
| When was gunpowder created and by whom? | Gunpowder originated in China well before 1450. Settled peoples became able to fend off nomads. |
| What impact did gunpowder play for the Ottoman empire? | Huge Ottoman cannon defeated Constantinople. |
| What impact did guns have in Europe? | Guns helped end feudalism in Europe as kings had armies that needed fewer knights. |
| What did Russia use guns for? | Russia used them to expand trade to the Baltic and toward the Black Sea. |
| How were Native Americans affected by the creation of gunpowder and guns? | Native Americans were at a disadvantage but early European muskets were inaccurate. |
| What African kingdoms sought guns and why? | Guns were sought after in African slave related kingdoms. |
| What was the impact of gunpowder on the Ottomans and the Persians? | The Safavid and Mamluks suffered by not fully using gunpowder. |
| What did the Japanese and Chinese do with the creation of gunpowder? Did it put them ahead of everyone else? | The Japanese and Chinese availed themselves of it but did not have the latest tech. |
| List the 4 land empires that you studied in this era. | Land empires included Manchu; Mughal; Ottoman; Safavid make sure you can locate all the places on this page on a map |
| How did governments establish power during this era? | governments establish power with strong military, competent leaders, prosperous economy, friendly neighbors, cooperative environment, and cultural unity. |
| Who conquered the Ming in 1644? | In 1644 the Manchu/Qing conquered the Ming who had ruled China since 1368. |
| What were impacts to government and population under the Ming? | Under the Ming the population doubled but weak emperors were common. They imposed a “single whip silver system,” built the Forbidden City, and sent Zheng He on his expeditions |
| What was the Single Whip Silver System? | The Single Whip Reform was a shift in Ming Dynasty China's tax structure, from payments in kind (e.g. rice, grain, textiles) to tax payments in silver, implemented throughout the Ming empire c. 1580 |
| What is important about the Mughal? | The Mughal invaded India from Central Asia and defeated the last of the Delhi Sultanate in the early 1500s. These Muslims ruled over a predominantly Hindu people. Sati was a custom where a widow was expected to throw herself on her husband’s funeral pyre. |
| Who built the Forbidden City? What was its purpose? | The Ming and it was to serve as the emperor's home. |
| Who did the Mughal rule over? | These Muslims ruled over a predominantly Hindu people. |
| What was Sati? | Sati was a custom where a widow was expected to throw herself on her husband’s funeral pyre. This was under the Mughal Muslims. |
| What was the opinion of women during this era? | At times women exercised some power (Nur Jahan). At least one Mughal ruler, Akbar, was tolerant. |
| What was the Taj Mahal? | The Taj Mahal was a masterpiece of architecture. is an ivory-white marble mausoleum commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned from 1628 to 1658) to house the tomb of his favorite wife. |
| Who gradually took over much of the sub-continent? | The British East India Company gradually took control over much of the sub-continent. |
| Where did the Ottomans build their empire? | The Ottomans built an empire in North Africa, SW Asia, and SE Europe. |
| What was the name for the kidnapped Christian boys forced to convert and serve in the Islamic army? | Janissaries were kidnapped Christian boys forced to convert to Islam and serve in the army. |
| What was the state between Europe and the Ottomans? | A state of war existed between Europe and the Ottomans. |
| What were slave women used for? | Females were brought as slaves into the harems of the wealthy. |
| What was the Millet System? | Groups of people within the Ottoman Empire were allowed to run their own affairs (millet system). |
| What was the Cage System? | Sultans adopted the cage system where rivals for the throne were confined under house arrest until needed to serve. |
| Where did the Safavid operate? | The Safavid operated between the Mughal and Ottoman. |
| What was the branch of religion of the Safavid? | They were mostly Shia. |
| What were caravanserai? | Caravanserai were stations built to accommodate merchants as they traveled long distances. (Safavid) |
| What were Qanats? | Qanats were underground irrigation systems. (Safavid) |
| Who came out of Mongol rule around the Duchy of Moscow? What was it called? | Russia emerged from Mongol rule around the Duchy of Moscow (called the Third Rome). |
| What impact did the Duchy of Moscow have across Asia? | It expanded with the help of Cossacks to an empire across Asia to the Pacific. This increased ethnic diversity. |
| What was Russia's primary economy based on? | Russia had a primary economy of farms and fur trading. Serfs worked the land. |
| Who worked the land on Russia's farms? | Russia had a primary economy of farms and fur trading. Serfs worked the land. About 1600 was a time of trouble since there was no heir. The Romanov dynasty emerged. |
| Why was 1600 a time of trouble for Russia? | About 1600 was a time of trouble since there was no heir. The Romanov dynasty emerged. |
| What dynasty emerged because of the time of trouble in Russia? | About 1600 was a time of trouble since there was no heir. The Romanov dynasty emerged. |
| What did Peter the Great do? | Peter the Great built St. Petersburg and increased mining, but there was no Renaissance, Reformation, or Scientific Revolution. |
| Who ruled after Peter the Great? | Several women ruled after Peter the Great. |
| What was the impact of Peter the Great on the 3 R's (Renaissance, Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution. ) | Peter the Great built St. Petersburg and increased mining, but there was no Renaissance, Reformation, or Scientific Revolution. |
| Resource | Heimler's History 3.1 empires expand |
| Writing | Writing: consider what a T chart would look like for a CHANGES/CONTINUITIES essay on the West 1450-1750 |
| What led to conflict between states? | Political and religious disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. State rivalries: |
| What was the Shia v. Sunni relations? | The Safavid fought the Mughal (Shia v. Sunni) about 1650 in Afghanistan across the Hindu Kush. |
| Who won against the Safavid Vs. Mughal? Why did they win? | The Safavid won Kandahar even though the Mughal had gunpowder. It was too far away for the Mughal, and they were distracted with another war. |
| Who did Morocco defeat and when? | Morocco defeated the Songhai (both Islam) 1591 at Gao 250 m SE of Timbuktu. |
| What gave Morocco the advantage? | Morocco had 6-8 cannons plus harquebus. |
| What strategy did the Songhai use to throw off the Moroccans? during the conflict? | The Songhai tried to send 1000 cattle into the enemy but cannon scared them back into Songhai lines. |
| Who fought the Ottoman at Chaldiran and when? | The Ottoman and the Safavid fought at Chaldiran 1514 (Sunni v. Shia). The Ottoman won with guns. Later the Songhai got a lot of land back, but then lost them again to the Ottoman. |
| What gave the Ottomans the edge over the Chalidriran? | The Ottoman won with guns. Later the Songhai got a lot of land back, but then lost them again to the Ottoman. |
| Who fought in an Catholic v. Anglican war in 1588? Who won? | England defeated the Spanish armada (Catholic v. Anglican) 1588. |
| During what war was the king killed? Who ruled over England after that? | The English civil war mid 1600s (Puritan v. Anglican) killed the king, and a non-royal person ruled for ten years. |
| What war began as an intra-Christian conflict? What were the dates? | The Thirty Years’ War 1618-1648 began as an intra-Christian conflict. |
| What war was seen as the Puritan Vs. Anglican war? | The English civil war mid 1600s (Puritan v. Anglican) killed the king, and a non-royal person ruled for ten years. |
| What two countries were constantly at war in the late 1600s to the early 1800s? | France and England were constantly at war (late 1600s to early 1800s). |
| What war was caused because the king died without an heir? | The War of Spanish succession (early 1700s) was fought over who would rule Spain when the king died without an heir. |
| What wars tended mostly to be Muslim vs. Christian? | Wars between Europe and Ottoman tended to be Muslim v. Christian but not always. |
| What city did the Ottomans reach twice? Did they take the city? | The Ottoman attacked Europe reaching Vienna twice but not conquering it. |
| What navy was defeated by Europe? Where? | Europe defeated the Ottoman navy at Lepanto. |
| What countries were at war with Orthodox Christian against Islam? | Russia and the Ottoman were at war (Orthodox Christian v. Islam). |
| Peter the Great made war on what country and why? | Peter made war on Sweden (Orthodox v. Lutheran). |
Created by:
Saenz2004
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