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CSA Chapter 6
The Ear
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acous/o | hearing |
| audi/o | hearing |
| aur/i | ear |
| ot/o | ear |
| myring/o | eardrum |
| tympan/o | eardrum |
| aer/o | air or gas |
| salping/o | tube |
| cerumin/o | wax |
| -acusis | hearing condition |
| external ear | outer structures of the ear that collect sound |
| auricle | projected part of the external ear |
| pinna | projected part of the external ear |
| external acoustic meatus | external passage for sounds collected from the auricle to the tympanic membrane |
| external auditory meatus | external passage for sounds collected from the auricle to the tympanic membrane |
| cerumen | a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal |
| middle ear | structure in the middle of the ear that vibrate sound from the tympanic membrane to the internal ear |
| tympanic membrane | drum-like structure that receives sound collected in the external acoustic meatus and amplifies it through the middle ear |
| tympanum | drum-like structure that receives sound collected in the external acoustic meatus and amplifies it through the middle ear |
| malleus (hammer) | first of three auditory ossicles of the middle ear |
| incus (anvil) | middle of three ossicles of the middle ear |
| stapes (stirrup) | last of three ossicles of the middle ear |
| eustachian tube | tube connecting the middle ear to the pharynx (throat) |
| auditory tube | tube connecting the middle ear to the pharynx (throat) |
| internal ear | intricate, fluid-filled, intercommunicating bony and membranous passages that function in hearing by relaying sound waves to auditory nerve fibers on a path to the brain for interpretation; also sense body movement and position to maintain balance |
| oval window | membrane that covers the opening between the middle ear and internal ear |
| labyrinth | intricate, fluid-filled, intercommunicating bony and membranous passages that function in hearing by relaying sound waves to auditory nerve fibers on a path to the brain for interpretation; also sense body movement and position to maintain balance |
| cochlea | coiled tubular structure of the internal ear that contains the spiral organ of Corti; cochlear duct is the membranous tube within the cochlea |
| perilymph | fluid that fills the bony labyrinth of the internal ear |
| endolymph | fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear |
| spiral organ | structure located in the cochlea; contains receptors (hair cells) that receive vibrations and generate nerve impulses for hearing |
| organ of Corti | structure located in the cochlea; contains receptors (hair cells) that receive vibrations and generate nerve impulses for hearing |
| vestibule | middle part of the internal ear, in front of the semicircular canals and behind the cochlea, that contains the utricle and the saccule; functions to provide body balance and equilibrium |
| utricle | the larger of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear |
| saccule | the smaller of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear |
| semicircular canals | three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement |
| otalgia | earache |
| otodynia | earache |
| otorrhagia | bleeding from the ear |
| otorrhea | purulent drainage from the ear |
| tinnitus | a ringing or buzzing in the ears; a jingling |
| vertigo | a turning round; dizziness |
| otitis externa | inflammation of the external acoustic meatus |
| cerumen impaction | excessive buildup of wax in the ear that often reduces hearing acuity, especially in elderly persons |
| myringitits | inflammation of the eardrum |
| tympanitis | inflammation of the eardrum |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| aerotitis media | inflammation of the middle ear from changes in the atmospheric pressure; often occurs with frequent air travel |
| eustachian obstruction | blockage of the eustachian (auditory) tube, usually as a result of infection, as in otitis media |
| otosclerosis | hardening of the bony tissue in the ear |
| Acoustic Neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) | a benign but life-threatening tumor of the vestibular division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII) ; causes vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the labyrinth (internal ear), usually accompanied by vertigo and deafness |
| Meniere's disease | disorder of the internal ear resulting from excessive buildup of endolymph, causing episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and hearing loss; one or both ears can be affected, and attacks vary in both frequency and intensity |
| deafness | general term for partial or complete loss of hearing |
| conductive hearing loss | hearing impairment caused by interference with sound or vibratory energy in the external canal, middle ear, or ossicles |
| sensorineaural hearing loss | hearing impairment caused by lesions of dysfunction of the cochlea or cochlear (auditory) nerve |
| mixed hearing loss | combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss |
| presbyaacusis | hearing impairment in old age |
| presbycusis | hearing impairment in old age |
| audiometry | process of measuring hearing |
| audiometer | instrument to measure hearing |
| audiogram | record of hearing measurement |
| audiologist | hearing professional who specializes in the study of hearing impairments |
| auditory acuity testing | physical assessment of hearing; useful in differentiating between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss |
| tuning fork | a two-pronged, fork-like instrument that vibrates when struck; used to test hearing, especially bone conduction; (eg. Webber test & Rinne test |
| brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) | electrodiagnostic testing that uses computerized equipment to measure involuntary responses to sound within the auditory nervous system; commonly used to assess hearing in newborns |
| brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) | electrodiagnostic testing that uses computerized equipment to measure involuntary responses to sound within the auditory nervous system; commonly used to assess hearing in newborns |
| otoscope | instrument for examining the ear |
| otoscopy | use of an otoscope to examine the external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane |
| pneumatic otoscopy | otoscopic observation of the tympanic membrane as air is released into the external auditory meatus; immobility indicates the presence of middle ear effusion (fluid buildup), as occurs as a result of otitis media |
| tympanometry | measurement of the compliance and mobility (conductibility) of the tympanic membrane and ossicles of the middle ear by monitoring the response to external airflow pressures |
| microsurgery | surgery with the use of a microscope used on delicate tissue, such as the ear |
| myringotomy | incision into the eardrum, most often for the insertion of a small polyethylene (PE) tube to keep the canal open and prevent fluid buildup, such as occurs in otitis media; also called tympanotomy |
| otoplasy | surgical repair of the external ear |
| stapedectomy | excision of the stapes to correct otosclerosis |
| tympanoplasty | surgical procedure to reconstruct the tympanic membrane and/or the auditory ossicles |
| auditory prosthesis | any internal or external device that improves or substitutes for natural hearing |
| hearing aid | an external amplifying device designed to improve hearing by more effective collection of sound into the ear |
| cochlear implant | an electronic implanted in the cochlea that provides sound perception to patients with severe or profound sensorineural (nerve) hearing loss in both ears |
| ear lavage | irrigation of the external ear canal, often to remove excessive buildup of cerumen |
| ear installation | introduction of a medicated solution into the external canal, usually administered by drop (gt) or drops (gtt) in the affected ears |
| antibiotic | a drug that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms; used to treat diseases caused by bacteria (e.g., otitis media) |
| antihistamine | a drug that blocks the effects of histamine |
| histamine | a regulatory body substance released in allergic reactions, causing swelling and inflammation of tissue; seen in hay fever and urticaria (hives) |
| anti-inflammatory | a drug that reduces inflammation |
| decongestant | a drug that reduces congestion and swelling of membranes, such as those of the nose and auditory tube in an infection |
| BAEP | brainstem auditory evoked potential |
| BAER | brainstem auditory evoked response |
| ENT | ear, nose, throat |
| PE | polyethylene |
| TM | tympanic membrane |
Created by:
alexandramila
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