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Islamic Religion Exp

AP World History Basics of Islamic Religion and Expansion

QuestionAnswer
Who is Muhammad? Muhammad (Arabia late 500s, early 600s) claimed revelation from Allah that became the Koran/Quran. He moved from Mecca where he was a spiritual leader to Medina (622) and became a political and military leader.
Who did Muhammad claim revelation from? Allah and he wrote what became the Koran/Quran
What does Islam mean? Islam means submission
Who are the followers of Islam? Muslims are followers of the Islamic religion.
How did Muslims feel about merchants? Muslims had a high view of merchants
Did Muslims practice slavery? Muslims practiced slavery.
What is the Islamic view of women? Did they have rights? Women in Islam had some rights but in other ways were regarded as inferior to men.
What were Muslims expected to practice? Muslims were to practice the five pillars: confession of faith (“there is not god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet”), prayer five times per day, fasting during the month of Ramadan, giving/charity, pilgrimage to Mecca.
What are the FIVE PILLARS? the five pillars: confession of faith (“there is not god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet”), prayer five times per day, fasting during the month of Ramadan, giving/charity, pilgrimage to Mecca.
What is Mecca? Makkah al-Mukarramah and commonly shortened to Makkah, is the holiest city in Islam and the capital of the Makkah Province of Saudi Arabia.
What law did Muslims follow? Muslims followed sharia which is comprehensive religious and civil law (no separation of religious and political).
What is sharia? sharia is comprehensive religious and civil law (no separation of religious and political).
What happened when Muhammad died? Who was supposed to take his place as leader? When Muhammad died, some of his followers said the next leader had to be a biological relative of Muhammad (these became the Shia branch). Others, the majority, said the leader should be chosen by the community (whoever was the most fit for the job).
What was the Shia Branch? Those that believed that the Muhammad's biological heir should be the next leader after Muhammad's death.
What lands fell under Muslim conquest? Muslims seized the Arabian Peninsula, defeated the Persians (Sassanids), attacked the Byzantine Empire, and conquered across North Africa into Spain.
When did the Muslim political unity begin to fragment? By the 900s the political unity began to fragment.
What was the reason for conquest? The justification for conquest was loot but also likely some incentive to gain converts.
What was the Jizya tax? A tax required of Non-Muslims to pay to Muslim authority.
Who ruled from 661-750? Where did they rule from? From 661-750 the Umayyad Caliphate ruled from Damascus.
Who ruled from 750-1258? Where did they rule from? The Abbasid Caliphate ruled from 750-1258 from Baghdad. In the 11th century the Turks gained control over the caliphate and introduced the Sultan as supreme ruler, while the caliph continued as a figurehead.
What was the Abbasid Caliphate? The Abbasid Caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle,
What was the Umayyad Caliphate? It was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
What was the relationship of Muslims to India? Muslims invaded/ruled India with the Delhi Sultanate 1200s-1400s.
Who introduced the Sultan as the supreme ruler? The Abbasid Caliphate ruled from 750-1258 from Baghdad. In the 11th century the Turks gained control over the caliphate and introduced the Sultan as supreme ruler, while the caliph continued as a figurehead.
What happened to the Caliph under the Turks? The caliphate was simply a figurehead.
Where did Islam spread during this time? Islam spread to SE Asia, to the Swahili coast of E Africa, & across the Sahara Desert to W Africa. In most cases this was predominantly done by merchants.
Who was instrumental in spreading Islam to other nations? Merchants
Which Muslims emphasized a more mystical approach to religion? Sufi Muslims (who tended to emphasize a more mystical approach) were also missionaries for the faith.
Who adopted Islam along with the Mongols? Many Mongols and Timur adopted Islam as did the Mamluks and Ottoman Empire.
Created by: Saenz2004
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