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Chapter 2
Human Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Demography | the study of general population trends. |
| Population Density | measure of total population relative to land area. |
| Arithmetic Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate: Divide the population of an area by the amount of land (in sq miles or sq km). |
| Population Distribution | the description of the pattern in the spatial arrangement of people, including where large numbers of people live closely together (clustering) and where few people live (dispersed).. |
| Dot Maps | Thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon. For example, a map where one dot represents 100,000 people. |
| Megalopolis | An urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington, DC in the south to Boston, Massachusetts in the north. |
| Natural increase rate | Difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive if births exceed deaths and negative if deaths exceed births. Does not include emigration and immigration. |
| Crude birth rate (CBR) | the number of live births per year per thousand people. |
| Crude death rate (CDR) | the number of deaths per year per thousand people. |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | the percentage of women ages 15 to 49 who are currently using or whose partner is currently using at least one contraceptive method. |
| Doubling time | Time required for a population to double in size. |
| Total fertility rate (TFR) | the average number of children born to women of childbearing age (between 15 and 49). |
| Old-age dependency ratio | the relationship between the number of people over the age of 65 and the working-age population between 15 and 64. |
| Child dependency ratio | Number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population). |
| Population composition | the structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education. |
| Population pyramids | graphic representations of the age and sex composition of a population |
| Demographic Transition | a model suggesting that a country’s birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development |
| Zero population growth | A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births. |
| Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | the probability that a child will die before reaching the age of 1 year. |
| Life expectancy | the average number of years a person is expected to live |
| Epidemiology transition | holds that as a country moves from high population growth rates to stable population growth rates, the causes of death and the age at which people are afflicted by disease change. |
| Infectious diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human. |
| Degenerative diseases | Diseases that come with old age. |
| Genetic or Inherited Diseases | Diseases that trace back to our genetic makeup |
| Malaria | Vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes. |
| Expansive population policies | encourage large families and raise the rate of natural increase. |
| Eugenic population policies | designed to favor one racial or cultural group by discouraging ostracized groups from having children. |
| Restrictive population policies | designed to reduce a population’s natural increase rate. |
Created by:
kayla.giset
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