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Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Demography | Study of general population trends. |
| Population density | Measure of total population relative to land area. |
| Arithmetic population density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate: divide the population of an area by the amount of land. |
| Population distribution | Description of the pattern in the spatial arrangement of people, including where large numbers numbers of people live closely together and where few people live. |
| Dot maps | Thematic maps where each dot representing a certain number of people. |
| Megapolis | huge urban agglomeration. |
| Natural increase rate | difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive if births exceeds deaf and negative if deaths exceed births. Does not include emigration and immigration. |
| Crude birth rate (CBR) | number of live births per year per thousand people. |
| Crude death rate (CDR) | number of deaths per year per thousand years. |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | percentage of women ages 15 to 49 who are currently using or whose partner is currently using at least one contraceptive method. |
| Doubling time | time required for a population to double in size. |
| Total fertility rate (TFR) | average number of chidden born to women of childbearing age (between 15 and 49) |
| Old-age dependence ratio | relationship between the number of people over the age of 65 and the working-age population between 15-64. |
| Child dependency ratio | number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population). |
| Population composition | structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education. |
| Population pyramids | graphic representations of the age and sex composition of a population. |
| Demographic transition | model suggesting that a country's birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development. |
| Zero population growth | state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of death is exactly offset by the number of births. |
| Infant mortality rate (IMR) | probability that a child will die before reaching the age of 1 year. |
| Life expectancy | average number of years a person is expected to live. |
| Epidemiological transition | change in the pattern of mortality in a society from high mortality among infants (including malnutrition and diarrheal disease) and periods of widespread famine to high mortality from degenerative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancies. |
| Infectious diseases | diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human, |
| Degenerative diseases | generally long-lasting afflictions, now more common because of longer life expectancies. |
| Genetic or inherited diseases | diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans. |
| Malaria | vectored disease spread by |
| Expansive population policies | government policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. |
| Eugenic population policies | government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain group of people. |
| Restrictive population policies | government policies designed to reduce the rate pf natural population increase (also called antinatalist). |
Created by:
Anastasiasmolentseva
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