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Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Demography | The study of general population trends |
| Population Density | The ratio of total population to land area |
| Arithmetic Population Density | The average population density (Sometimes meaningless in areas/countries with lots of inhabitable areas |
| Population Distribution | the description of the pattern in the spatial arrangement of people (including where large numbers of people live closely together and where few people live) |
| Dot maps | A thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon. like a map where one dot = 100,000 people |
| megalopolis | a huge urban agglomeration stretching from Washington DC in the south to Boston Massachusetts in the north. |
| natural increase rate | what results when you subtract crude death rates from crude birth rates and do not include immigration or emigration |
| crude birth rate | the number of live births per year per thousand people |
| crude death rate | the number of deaths per year per thousand people |
| contraceptive prevalence rate | the percentage of women ages 15-49 who are currently using or have a partner who is using at least one contraceptive method |
| doubling time | time required for a population to double in size |
| total fertility rate | is the average number of children born to women of childbearing age (between 15 and 49) |
| old age dependency ratio | Number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population). |
| child dependency ratio | Number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population). |
| population composition | the structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education. |
| population pyramids | graphic representations of the age and sex composition of a population |
| demographic transition | a model suggesting that a country’s birth and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development (based on population change in western europe after the industrial revolution) |
| zero population growth | A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births. |
| infant mortality rate | the probability that a child will die before reaching the age of 5. given as the number of cases per 1000 years. |
| life expectancy | the average number of years a person is expected to live |
| epidemiological transition | as a country moves from high population growth rates to stable population growth rates, the causes of death and the age at which people are afflicted by disease change |
| infectious diseases | diseases that result from an invasion of parasites and their multiplication in the body |
| degenerative deseases | generally long lasting afflictions now more common because of longer life expectancies |
| genetic/inherited diseases | diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans |
| malaria | vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes |
| expansive population policies | government policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth |
| eugenic population policies | government policies designed to favor one racial or cultural group by discouraging ostracized groups from having children |
| restrictive population policies | government policies designed to reduce a population's natural increase rate |
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SchoolEnjoyer96
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