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AP Humen Geo. Ch.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Demography | The study of general population trends |
| Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land |
| Arithmetic Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate: Divide the population of an area by the amount of land (in sq miles or sq km) |
| Population Distribution | Description of spatial distribution of people, including where large numbers of people live closely together and where few people live |
| Dot Maps | Thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon. For example, a map where one dot represents 100,000 people |
| Megalopolis | An urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington, DC in the south to Boston, Massachusetts in the north |
| Natural Increase Rate | Difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive if births exceed deaths and negative if deaths exceed births. Does not include emigration and immigration |
| Crude Birth Rate | Number of live births per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year |
| Crude Death Rate | Number of deaths per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year |
| Contraceptive Prevalence Rate | Percent of women who are currently using or have a sexual partner who is using a method of contraception |
| Doubling Time | Time required for a population to double in size |
| Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children born to a woman of child-bearing age |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio | Number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population) |
| Child Dependency Ratio | Number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population) |
| Population Composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education |
| Population Pyramids | A graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population |
| Demographic Transition | Observation that a country’s birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development. Model is based on population change in western Europe |
| Zero Population Growth | A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births |
| Infant Mortality Rate | Probability per 1000 live births that a child will die before reaching age 1 year |
| Life Expectancy | The average number of years a person is expected to live |
| Epidemiological Transition | Change in the pattern of mortality in a society from high mortality among infants (including malnutrition and diarrheal disease) and periods of widespread famine to high mortality from degenerative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancies |
| Infectious Diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human |
| Degenerative Diseases | Diseases that are primarily afflictions of middle and old age |
| Genetic or Inherited Diseases | Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans |
| Malaria | Vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes |
| Expansive Population Policies | Government policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth |
| Eugenic Population Policies | Government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain group of people |
| Restrictive Population Policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase (also called antinatalist) |
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Pl251741
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