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Unit 9
Middle Ages/Renaissance/Reformation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crusades | A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in southwest Asia fought for control of the Holy Land from AD 1096-1291 |
| Magna Carta | A document signed in AD 1215 by King John of England and required the king to honor basic rights of the English people. (It limited the king's power) |
| Feudalism | A system of government under a local nobleman, or lord, who was bound with other local lords by ties of loyalty to their king in order to maintain military protection |
| Manor | A large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord. |
| Manorialism | The economic ties between the nobles and the peasants who worked on their lands (Self Sufficient property) |
| Middle Ages | The period of about 1,000 years between the Fall of Rome in AD 400 and the beginning of modern Europe in AD 1450 |
| Martin Luther | German monk, questioned the Roman Catholic Church, was excommunicated. Wrote the 95 theses began the Protestant Reformation |
| Vassals | Another name for knights; lesser nobles who served in war as mounted warriors |
| Protestant | protesters who felt that the Roman Catholic Church wasn’t doing what they should be and formed their own form of Christianity (Reformation Period) |
| Bubonic Plague | A widespread disease; a deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas; also called the Black Death |
| Serf | Another name for peasants; they were bound to the land they worked on with an agreement of protection |
| Charlemagne | King of the Franks; a brilliant warrior and strong leader; crowned Emperor of the Romans in AD 800 |
| Divine Right | Chosen by God; given the right to rule however you choose |
| Three Field Crop Rotation | A way of farming that improved and increased the quality and variety of crops |
| Christianity | the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices |
| William the Conqueror | Powerful French noble who conquered England, he brought feudalism to England |
| Renaissance | Comes from the Latin word “rinascere” meaning to be reborn; started in Northern Italy in the 1300s |
| Reformation | a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches. |
| Catholic | a member of the Roman Catholic Church |
| King John | King of England from 1199 to 1216; succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Richard I ; lost his French possessions; in 1215 John was compelled by the barons to sign the Magna Carta (1167-1216) |
| Knight | (in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor. |
| Vikings | any of the Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders who raided and settled in many parts of northwestern Europe in the 8th–11th centuries. |
| Baron | a member of the lowest order of the British nobility; referred to as a lord |
| Great Schism | the formal 1054 split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, driven by centuries of theological, cultural, and political differences |
| Trans-Saharan Trade | was a network of exchange routes connecting West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean via the Sahara Desert, from the 8th to 16th centuries. Driven by the demand for West African gold and Saharan salt, it facilitated massive commercial trade |
| Islamic Caliphate | a religious-political state governed by a caliph—a successor to Prophet Muhammad—tasked with managing the Muslim community (ummah) according to Islamic law (Sharia). Emerging after Muhammad's death in 632, it historically evolved from the Rashidun (632–6 |
| Song Dynasty | (960–1279) witnessed massive economic growth, industrial-scale metal production, and the, widespread use of paper money. (In China) |
| Barbarians | Germanic tribes who invaded Europe during the Middle Ages |
Created by:
kodonnell
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