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CSA Chapter 2
Integumentary System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the integumentary system composed of? | Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat glands, Sebaceous (oil) glands |
| What are the 4 functions of the integumentary system? | Protect the body from injury, Protect the body from intrusion of microorganisms, Helps regulate body temperature, houses receptors for sense of touch |
| What are the 3 layers of skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous |
| What does the epidermis consist of? | Strata (layers): Stratum, Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale |
| Stratum Basale | Site of cell production (innermost layer) |
| Stratum Corneum | Layers of dead cells sloughed off (outermost layer) |
| What does the dermis contain? | Blood vessels, nerves, nerve ending, glands, and hair follicles |
| adip/o | fat |
| corne/o | horn, hard |
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| dermat/o | skin |
| erythr/o | red |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| hist/o | tissue |
| histi/o | tissue |
| kerat/o | hard |
| leuk/o | white |
| lip/o | fat |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| plas/o | formation |
| purpur/o | purple |
| scler/o | hard |
| seb/o | sebum (oil) |
| squam/o | scale |
| steat/o | fat |
| trich/o | hair |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| epithelium | cellular avascular layer covering external and internal surfaces of the body |
| epidermis | outer layer of the skin |
| stratum corneum | the outer layer of the epidermis, made up of several layers of flat keratinized (hard, proteinaceous) cells |
| stratum basale | deepest layer of the epidermis, also called the basal layer |
| melanocyte | cell in the stratum basale that gives color to the skin |
| melanin | dark brown to black pigmient contained in melanocytes |
| dermis | dense, fiborous connective tissue layer of the skin, also known as corium |
| sebaceous glands | oil glands in the skin |
| sebum | oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands |
| sudoriferous glans | sweat glands (sudor=sweat; ferre=to bear) |
| subcutaneous layer | connective and adipose tissue layer just deep to (under) the dermis |
| collagen | protein substance in skin and connective tissue (koila=glue; gen=producing) |
| hair | outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin |
| nail | outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin at the end og each finger and toe |
| keratin | hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails |
| lesion | an area of pathologicallu altered tissue; types of lesion are primary, secondary, vascular, and purpuric |
| primary lesions | lesions arising from previously normal skin |
| macule | a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (freckle) |
| macula | a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (freckle) |
| patch | a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1 cm (vitiligo) |
| papule | a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (a mole) |
| plaque | a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin |
| nodule | a solid mass greater that 1 cm that extends deeper than the epidermis |
| tumor | a solid mass larger than 1-2 cm |
| wheal | an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (a hive) |
| vesicle | little bladder; an elevated, fluid filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter (a fever blister) |
| bulla | a blister larger that 0.5 cm (a second-degree burn) |
| pustule | a pus-filled sac (pimple) |
| secondary lesions | lesions that result in changes to primary lesions |
| erosion | gnawed away; loss of superficial epidermis, leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle) |
| ulcer | an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection (decubitus ulcer) |
| excoriation | a scratch mark |
| fissure | a linear crack in the skin |
| scale | a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (dandruff) |
| crust | a dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin (as seen in impetigo) |
| vascular lesions | lesion of blood vessels |
| cherry angioma | a small, round, bright red blood vessel tumor on the skin, seen mostly in people over the age of 40 |
| telangiectasia | a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos=end); also called spider angioma |
| spider angioma | a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly on the face, neck, or chest (telos=end); also called telangiectasia |
| purpuric lesions | purprura; lesions resulting from hemorrhages into the skin |
| petechia | spot; reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin that indicate a bleeding tendency; a small purpura |
| ecchymosis | bruise; a black and blue mark; a large purpura (chymo=juice) |
| cicatrix of the skin | a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound, showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cictrix=scar) |
| keloid | an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele=tumor) |
| neoplasm | abnormal tissue growth by more rapis than normal cellular proliferation |
| nevus | a benign localized overgrowth of melanin-forming cells on the skin present at birth or appearing early in life that can be epidermal or vascular; also called a mole |
| dysplastic nevus | a mole with precancerous changes |
| verruca | an epidermal growth caused by a papilloma virus, also called a wart |
| acne | Inflammation in the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin, evidenced by comedones, pustules or nodules on the skin |
| albinism | A hereditary condition characterize by partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the skin, hair, and eyes) |
| burn | injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases |
| first degree burn | a burn involving only the epidermis; characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation) also called superficial burn |
| second degree burn | a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; characterized by erythema, hypersthesisa, and vesications (blisters); also called partial-thickness burn |
| third degree burn | a burn that involves destruction of entire skin: epidermis, dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin characterized by eryhtema, pruritus (itching), and various lesions |
| dermatosis | any disorder of the skin |
| exanthematous viral disease | an eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema=eruption) |
| Rubella | an acute but mild disease caused by rubella virus, also called German Measles |
| Rubeola | a term used for measles |
| Varicella | an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus (chicken pox) |
| eczema | generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin characterized by inflamed papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning |
| Furuncle | boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle; caused by staphylococcosis |
| Carbuncle | skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria |
| Abscess | a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by inflamed surrounding tissues, which heals when drained |
| gangrene | death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) | an infection caused by herpes virus marked by eruption of vesicles around the mouth and nose |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) | sexually transmitted, ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may reoccur at times of stress |
| herpes zoster | viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves, characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves, usually unilateral; also known as shingles (zoster=girdle) |
| impetigo | a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture, most often around the mouth and nose |
| keratosis | thickened areas of the epidermis |
| actinic keratosis | a localized thickening of skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight, a known precursor to cancer (actinic=ray; solar=sun); also called solar keratosis |
| seborrheic keratosis | superficial, benign, pigmented wart-like lesions; more common after the 3rd decade |
| lupus | any of various chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the skin and other tissues (lupus=wolf) |
| cutaneous lupus erythematosus | various skin lesions evidenced by a characteristic rash, especially on the face, neck, and scalp |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often vital organs (lungs or kidneys) |
| malignant cutaneous neoplasm | skin cancer |
| squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) | malignant neoplasm of the stratifies squamous epithelium |
| basal cell carcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the stratum basale of the epidermis; the most common type of skin cancer |
| melanoma | malignant neoplasm composed of melanocytes |
| Kaposi sarcoma | malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels, appearing as painless, darl bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to the lymph nodes and internal organs; commonly seen in patients with HIV/AIDS |
| onychia | inflammation of the fingernail or toenail |
| paronychia | inflammation of the nail fold |
| pediculosos | infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis (pediculo=louse) |
| pediculosis capitis | presence of lice on the scalp, seen especially in children, with nits attached to hairs (capitis=head) |
| pediculosis pubis | infestation with the pubic or crab louse, especially in the pubic hair (pubis=groin) |
| psoriasis | inherited skin disease marked by red, itchy, scaly patches |
| scabies | a contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised red spots, caused by the itch mite; intense pruritus between the fingers, genitalia, trunk and extremities is common (scabo=to scratch) |
| seborrhea | a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands |
| tinea | a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), also called athlete's foot |
| vitiligo | a condition in which the pigment is lost due to melanin destruction, creating areas of white patches on the skin or hair |
| biopsy | removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination |
| excisional biopsy | removal of an entire lesion |
| incisional biopsy | removal of a selected portion of a lesion |
| shave biopsy | a technique using a surgical blade to "shave" tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis |
| culture and sensitivity (C&S) | a technique of isolating growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating the infection it caused |
| frozen section (FS) | a surgical technique that involves cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathologic examination |
| skin tests | methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into, the skin; commonly used in treating allergies |
| scratch test | a test in which a substance is applied to the skin through a scratch |
| patch test | a test in which a substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth |
| chemosurgery | removal of tissue after it has been destroyed by chemical means |
| chemical peel | a technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by applying an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of skin |
| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue by freezing with application of an extremely cold chemical (liquid nitrogen) |
| dermabrasion | surgical removal of epidermis frozen by aerosol spray using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and/or wrinkles |
| debridement | removal of dead tissue from a woumd or burn site to promote healing and to prevent infection |
| curettage | cleaning; scraping of wound using a spoon-like cutting intsrument called a curette; used for debridement |
| electrosurgical procedures | use of electric current to destroy tissue; the type and strength of the current and method of application vary |
| electrocautery | use of an instrument heated by electric current (cautery) to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue (to sear a blood vessel) |
| electrodesiccation | use of high-frequency electric currents to destroy tissue by drying it; the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion (dessicate=to dry up) |
| fulguration | to lighten; use of long, high-frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does no touch skin |
| incision and drainage (I&D) | incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion (an abscess) |
| laser | an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an instrument that concentrates high frequencies into small, that is precise depth and diameter applied to body tissues to destroy lesions or for dissection |
| laser surgery | surgery using a laser in carious dermatologic procedure to remove lesions, scars, and tattoos |
| Mohs surgery | a technique used to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue, layer by layer, until a tumor-free plane is reached |
| skin grafting | transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin that has been lost through a burn or injury |
| auto graft | graft transfer to a new position in the body of the same person (auto=self) |
| heterograft or xenograft | graft transfer between different species, such as from animal to human (hetero=different) (zeno=strange) |
| homograft or allograft | graft transfer between persons of the same species, such as human to human (homo=same) |
| chemotherapy | treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
| radiation therapy | treatment of neoplastic disease using ionizing radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells |
| sclerotherapy | use of sclerosing agents in treating diseases (injection of a saline solution into a dilated blood vessel tumor in the skin, resulting in hardening of the tissue within and eventual sloughing away of the lesion) |
| ultraviolet therapy | use of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion (an ulcer) |
| anesthetic | a drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conducting to produce a loss of sensations (pain) |
| antibiotic | a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
| antifungal | a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi |
| antihistamine | a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body |
| histamine | a regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues (in hives and hay fever) |
| anti-inflammatory | a drug that reduces inflammation (swelling) |
| antipuritic | a drug that relieves itching |
| antiseptic | an agent that inhibits the growth of infectiousmicroorganisms |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| BCC | basal cell carcinoma |
| Bx | biopsy |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity |
| FS | frozen section |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HSV-1 | herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| HSV-2 | herpes simplex virus type 2 |
| I&D | incision and drainage |
| Rx | medical prescription |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Sig | label; instruction to the patient |
| SLE | systematic lupus erythematosus |
| t.i.d | three times a day |
| alopecia | baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair |
| comedo | a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle |
| comedones | plural form of comedo |
| comedos | plural form of comedo |
| closed comedo | a comedo below the skin surface, with a white center (whitehead) |
| open comedo | a comedo open to the skin surface, with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air (blackhead) |
| eruption | appearance of a skin lesion |
| erythema | redness of the skin |
| pruritus | severe itching |
| rash | a general term for skin eruption |
| skin pigmentation | skin color resulting from the presence of melanin |
| depigmentation | loss of melanin pigment in the skin |
| hypopigmentation | areas of skin lacking in color because of deficient amounts of melanin |
| hyperpgimentation | darkened areas of skin cause by excessive amounts of melanin |
| suppuration | production or purulent matter (pus) |
| urticaria | hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itching |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
Created by:
alexandramila
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