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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
AP Human Geo Chapter 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The spatial study of people, place, space, and environment. | Geography |
| One of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of human phenomena, including population, cultures, activities, and landscapes. | Human Geography |
| Processes heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country borders. | Globalization |
| Observations researchers make of physical and cultural landscapes with a focus on seeing similarities and differences. | Fieldwork |
| Description of the spatial distribution of a human or physical phenomenon (e.g., scattered or concentrated). | Patterns |
| One of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of physical phenomena, including climate, environmental hazards, weather systems, animals, and topography. | Physical Geography |
| Physical locations of geographic phenomena, usually shown on a map. | Spatial distribution |
| An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide. | Pandemic |
| Widespread, rapid diffusion of disease among a people in a particular location or region at a particular time. | Epidemic |
| Looking at where things occur, why they occur where they do, and how places are interconnected. | Spatial perspective |
| Mental categories used to organize and analyze the world spatially. | Geographic concepts |
| Position on Earth, including both absolute location and relative location (one of the five themes of geography). | Location |
| Precise location of a place, usually defined by latitude and longitude. | Absolute location |
| The location of a place or attribute in reference to another place or attribute. | Relative location |
| Understanding the distribution of cities, industries, services, or consumers with the goal of explaining why places are chosen as sites of production or consumption. | Location theory |
| Reciprocal relationship between humans and environment (one of the five themes of geography). | Human-environment interactions |
| Set of theories that use environmental differences to explain everything from intelligence to wealth. | Environmental determinism |
| Area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates. | Hearth |
| Theory in geography that humans, not environment, shape culture. | Possibilism |
| The idea that land can hold a measurable amount of plant and animal life. | Carrying capacity |
| Study of the historical interaction between humans and environment in a place, including ways humans have modified and adapted to environment. | Cultural Ecology |
| An approach to studying human-environment interactions in the context of political, economic, and historical conditions operating at multiple scales. | Political Ecology |
| Area of Earth identified as sharing a formal, functional, or perceptual commonality that makes it different from regions around it (one of the five themes of geography). | Region |
| Area of land with common cultural or physical traits. | Formal Region |
| A learned belief, norm, or value passed down through generations in a culture. | Cultural traits |
| Area of land defined as sharing a common purpose in society. | Functional Region |
| Connection points in a network, where goods and ideas flow in, out, and through the network. | Nodes |
| Area of land that an individual perceives as being similar. | Perceptual/Vernacular Region |
| Uniqueness of a location (one of the five themes of geography). | Place |
| Infusing a place with meaning as a result of experiences in a place. | Sense of Place |
| How a place is envisioned. | Perception of Place |
| Mobility of people, goods, and services across Earth (one of the five themes of geography). | Movement |
| Spread of an idea, innovation, or technology from its hearth to other people and places. | Diffusion |
| Degree of connectedness or contact among people or places. | Spatial Interaction |
| The measured physical space between two things. | Distance |
| Ease of flow between two places. | Accessibility |
| Position of a place or area relative to others in a network. | Connectivity |
| The spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth across space without the aid of people moving. | Expansion Diffusion |
| Spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on proximity. Specific type of expansion diffusion. | Contagious Diffusion |
| Spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on a hierarchy of connectedness. Specific type of expansion diffusion. | Hierarchical Diffusion |
| A process of diffusion where two cultural traits blend to create a distinct trait. | Stimulus Diffusion |
| Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them. | Relocation Diffusion |
| The visible human imprint on the landscape. | Cultural landscape |
| Imprints left on the cultural landscape by a series of successive societies. Each society contributed to the cumulative cultural landscape. | Sequent occupance |
| Geographical scope (local, national, or global) in which we analyze and understand a phenomenon. | Scale |
| Changing the geographical scope at which a problem is addressed by engaging decision makers and gatekeepers at another scale. | Rescale |
| The physical and human geographies creating the place, environment, and space in which events occur and people act. | Context |
| The art and science of making maps. | Cartography |
| Maps showing absolute location of places and geographic features. | Reference maps |
| A map that tells a story, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon using map symbols. | Thematic maps |
| Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features. | Global Positioning System (GPS) |
| Maps of an area made from memory or experience by individuals or groups (also known as cognitive maps). | Mental maps |
| The spaces people move through routinely. | Activity spaces |
| Areas on maps that are not well defined because they are off limits or unknown to the map maker. | Terra Incognita |
| A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments (e.g., satellites) that are physically distant from the area of study. | Remote sensing |
| A system of computer hardware and software designed to show, analyze, and represent geographic data (data that have locations). | Geographic Information Systems (GIS) |
| Group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people. | Culture |
| A group of interrelated cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils. | Culture Complex |
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pl250691
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