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Path Endocrine

Pathologies of the Endocrine System

TermDefinition
diabetes mellitus Chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency
Double Diabetes When someone with type 1 diabetes develops insulin resistance
Goiter enlargement of the thyroid gland
Graves disease hyperthyroidism; symptoms include goiter & protrusion of eyes
Hashimotots autoimmune attack against the thyroid gland that results in suppression of thyroid secretions
Hyperthyroidism excessive activity of the thyroid gland
Hypothyroidism a deficiency of thyroid secretion; lowered basal metabolic rate
Metabolic Syndrome a collection of signs that indicate an increased risk for both heart disease and diabetes
Obesity being substantially heavier than is considered to be healthy for a person's height
Thyroid Cancer Cancer of the thyroid gland. Types include Papillary
Thyroiditis inflammation of the thyroid gland; may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously
Toxic Adenoma The development of benign tumor or thyroid nodule
Type 1 Diabetes insulin dependent diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes insulin resistant diabetes
Congenital hypothyroidism a birth defect in which the baby’s thyroid is smaller than normal or missing altogether
Idiopathic hypothyroidism hypothyroidism that doesn't seem to be related to any specific underlyingdisorder, but simply arise without any identified cause
Secondary hypothyroidism result of using radioactive iodine or surgery to suppress thyroid activity in hyperthyroidism
Papillary thyroid cancer most commontype of thyroid cancer; Papillary cells arise from follicular cells.
Follicular thyroid cancer arises from follicular cells, less common (about 9% of diagnoses) and is more likely to metastasize
Anaplastic thryroid cancer Also called undifferentiated thyroid cancer, this type is highly aggressive, metastasizing easily to the mediastinal lymph nodes, trachea, lungs, and bones
Medullary thyroid cancer this form of cancer arises from C cells that normally produce calcitonin. it is rare but can be agressive.
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