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Intro to forensics
Chapter 1 Bayers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of Forensic science? | Forensic Science is the application of science to those criminal and civil laws hat are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system |
| What did the "Frey vs. US" court case establish? | This court case established that a scientific technique must a "generally accepted" by the scientific community. |
| What are the five categories that death can be classified into? | Natural, homicide, suicide, accidental, undetermined. |
| What is Forensic Anthropology? | A special service that involves the identification and examination of skeletal remains, in order to determine if the remains are human or another type of animal. If the bones are human, ethnicity, age, sex and manner of death can be determined. |
| What is Forensic Odontology? | The area of study in which a scientist can match a victim to their dental record, resulting in an identification of an unknown indiviudal and identify bite marks |
| Forensic scientists must sometimes consult with scientist who specialize n other areas. Name five of these areas. | Anthropology, Psychiatry, Odontology, entomology botany, ballistics. , |
| When was the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE), determining what evidence can be used in court, enacted? | 1975 |
| What is trier of fact? | Those responsible for critically evaluating the facts of the case |
| What is Doubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals , Inc. ? | Established Daubert Criteria for Admissibility; trial judges ultimately responsible for admissibility and validity of scientific evidence. |
| What are the five Daubert Criteria for admissibility? | 1. Can it be tested? 2. Has the technique been subjected to peer review and/or publication? 3. What is the technique's rate of error? 4. Existence and maintenance of standard. 5. Widespread acceptance |
| What is Federal Rules 702 | A witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise(opinion must be relevant to case; does not have to be based on first-hand knowledge or observation) |
| What is Federal Rules 703 | Based on facts or data that are of a type reasonably relied on by experts in the particular field in forming opinions or inferences. |
| What is the Daubert and Kumho Tire Rulings | The judge MAY act as gatekeeper for allowing expert testimony; Judge cannot abuse discretion |
| Daubert and Kumho Tire Rulings Factors include: | Testing (can theory be tested);Peer review/published;Error rates (standards);Acceptability (general acceptance);Can throw out if discipline is unreliable (e.g., astrology);Kumbo ruling supports the judge’s decision to extend discretion to non-scientists. |
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mbelmaker
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