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A&P Ch2 Chemistry
Introductory to chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The subatomic particles that make up atoms include: | Protons, neutrons, electrons |
| What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons? | Nucleus |
| What has an equal number of protons in the nucleus and electrons in the surrounding cloud? | atom |
| What is a cation? | An atom that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a positively-charged ion |
| What particles play a role in creating chemical bonds? | Electrons |
| Provides an electrical current? | Electrolytes |
| This is the type of bond between the atoms forming a molecule of water | Polar covalent |
| This occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms. | Chemical reaction |
| Energy-releasing reactions that occur when nutrients are broken down by decomposition reactions describes? | catabolism |
| The sum of all chemical reactions in the body | metabolism |
| Material that dissolves in water is called a: | Solute |
| A solution with a pH value less than 7 would be a(n): | Acid |
| What is considered a proton donor? | Acid |
| The role of buffers is to: | Convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases |
| What element do all organic compounds contain? | Carbon |
| What is a monosaccharide that is important in producing energy? | Glucose |
| This type of triglyceride contains more than one double bond in the fatty acid carbon atoms. | Polyunsaturated |
| The building blocks of DNA and RNA are called: | Nucleotides |
| A substance that adds or removes hydrogen ions from a solution is a(n): | Buffer |
| An enzyme acts to: | Speed up chemical reactions |
| By definition, the atomic number of an atom refers to: | The number of protons in the nucleus |
| Homeostatic mechanisms maintain the pH of blood at or between: | 7.35-7.45 |
| In a typical body solution, the solvent is: | Water |
| The building blocks of proteins are: | Amino acids |
| The major energy storage polysaccharide in humans is: | Glycogen |
| The most plentiful lipids in the body are: | Triglycerides |
| This is defined as the capacity to do work. | Energy |
| This is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body. | Water |
| This is the type of bond that holds water molecules together | Polar covalent |
| This type of bond requires a sharing of electrons. | Covalent |
| This type of chemical reaction will combine reactants to produce larger products. | Synthesis |
| This type of lipid is the body's long term energy storage molecule. | Triglyceride |
| This type of lipid is used by the body to create hormones. | Cholesterol |
| What are the major elements found in the body? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen |
| What determines the different elements found in nature? | The number of protons in the nucleus |
| What term is applied to cations and anions that form when an ionic compound is dissolved in water? | Both the cations and anions are called electrolytes |
| When the body demands energy, glycogen is broken down into: | Glucose |
| Which chemical bond results from the electrons of one atom being attracted to the protons of another atoms? | An ionic bond |
| Which is the function of ATP? | Transfers energy liberated from its breakdown for cell functions |
| List 3 carbohydrate? | Sugar, Glycogen, & Starches |
| List some facts about phospholipids? | The molecule is an important part of cell membranes, they contain a glycerol backbone, and the head group is polar |
| Particles that have a neutral charge? | Both neutron and atom |
| As more hydrogen ions (H+) are dissolved in a solution, the solution becomes more? | acidic |
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