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APWH/STEARNS

CHAPTER 20: THE MUSLIM EMPIRES

QuestionAnswer
Ottomans Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world.
vizier Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 15th century often more powerful than sultan.
Red Heads Name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear.
Abbas the Great Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology
Isfahan Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city laid out according to shah's plan; example of Safavid architecture.
Babur Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530.
Aurangzeb Son and successor of Shah Jahan in Mughal India; determined to extend Mughal control over whole of subcontinent; wished to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare exhausted empire despite military successes; died in 1707.
Mehmed II Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire.
Safavid dynasty Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722.
Ismâ'il Sufi commander who conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah or emperor.
imams According to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from Ali.
Nadir Khan Afshar Soldier-adventurer following fall of Safavid dynasty in 1722; proclaimed himself shah in 1736; established short-lived dynasty in reduced kingdom.
Humayan Son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but restored Mughal rule by 1556; died shortly thereafter.
Taj Mahal Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal.
Janissaries Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century.
Created by: mcdougcf
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