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Medication Admin

Routes, techniques, equipment, and sites of medication administration

QuestionAnswer
Medications taken by mouth Oral route
Medications placed under the tongue Sublingual/Buccal route
Medications placed on the skin and adsorbed into the bloodstream (systemic action) Transdermal route
Medications aerosolized in a fine mist and go into nose, throat, lungs Inhalation route
Medications absorbed through the skin or mucous membrane (local action) Topical route
Medications inserted vaginally Vaginal route
Medications inserted rectally Rectal route
Medications via the nose Nasal route
Medications instilled in the eye Ocular route
Medications instille in the ear Otic route
Medications adminstered by flushing or bathing open wounds or body cavities Irrigation route
Medication administered by infusion, injection, or implantation Parenteral route
Medication administered within a muscle Intramuscular route
Medication administered beneath the skin Subcutaneous route
Medication administered within the dermis Intradermal route
Medication administered at a 5-15 degree angle, bevel up Intradermal technique
Medication administered using 1/4 to 5/8 inch; 25-27 gauge needle Intradermal needle
Medication administered using a 1 mL(tuberculin syringe) Intradermal syringe
Maximum volume administration 1 mL Intradermal maximum volume
Medication administered at a 90-degree angle when using 1/2" needle or 45-degree angle when using 5/8" needle; bevel position does not matter Subcutaneous technique
Medication administered using 25 gauge 1/2"-5/8" based on angle used Subcutaneous needle
Medication administered using a 1 mL(tuberculin syringe) or a 3mL syring (most common) Subcutaneous syringe
Maximum volume administration 0.5 mL (children); 1.5 mL (adults) Subcutaneous maximum volume
Medication administered at a 90-degree angle (bevel does not matter) Intramuscular technique
Medication administered using 18-25 gauge needle; length varies by patient age/weight/location of administration from 5/8"-1 1/2"(see table 30.4) Intramuscular needle
Medication administered using a 3 mL (typically) Intramuscular syringe
Maximum volume administration 1 mL-3 mL (varies by age and site used) (see table 30.4) Intramuscular maximum volume
Common sites of injection: Forearm, upper arm, and back Intradermal sites
Common sites of injection: lower abdomen, anterior thigh, and upper outer arm Subcutaneous sites
Common sites if injection: vastus lateralis (Infants and children); deltoid - adults up to 1 mL; ventrogluteal (adults for oil-based medications) Intramuscular sites
Site no longer recommended due to higher risk of injury to the patient since large blood vessels and sciatic nerve located nearby Dorsogluteal
Technique used for irritating medications pulling the skin laterally to lock medication into the ventrogluteal muscle and limiting leakage of medication into subcutaneous tissue Z-track intramuscular injection
Created by: cskinner
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