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Ch. 13 terms
endocrine system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| endocrine system | produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis, 13 major glands |
| homeostasis | process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
| hormones | chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream, measured by blood or urine tests |
| endocrine glands | do not have ducts, exocrine glands do have ducts |
| pituitary gland | secretes hormones that control many other endocrine glands, has two parts-anterior and posterior lobes, located below the hypothalamus |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova or sperm |
| growth hormone (GH) | somatotropic hormone, regulates the growth of body tissues |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | or interstitial cell hormone (ISCH), stimulates ovulation or secretion of testosterone |
| lactogenic hormone (LTH) | stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | increases the production of melanin in the skin |
| oxytocin (OXT) | stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, flow of milk, and bonding |
| acromegaly | rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlar |
| homeostasis | process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
| hormones | chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream, measured by blood or urine tests |
| endocrine glands | do not have ducts, exocrine glands do have ducts |
| pituitary gland | secretes hormones that control many other endocrine glands, has two parts-anterior and posterior lobes, located below the hypothalamus |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova or sperm |
| growth hormone (GH) | somatotropic hormone, regulates the growth of body tissues |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | or interstitial cell hormone (ISCH), stimulates ovulation or secretion of testosterone |
| lactogenic hormone (LTH) | stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | increases the production of melanin in the skin |
| oxytocin (OXT) | stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, flow of milk, and bonding |
| acromegaly | rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of extremities caused by excessive growth hormone after puberty |
| gigantism | abnormal growth of entire body caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty |
| pituitary adenoma | slow-growing benign tumor of the pituitary gland |
| galactorrhea | excess of prolactin causes breasts to produce milk spontaneously, not due to childbirth |
| pineal gland | located in the central part of the brain, influences the sleep-wake cycle |
| melatonin | influences the sleep-wake cycle |
| thyroid glands | butterfly shaped and around the larynx, regulates the metabolism, growth, and nervous system |
| thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 | regulate the rate of metabolism, affect growth and many other sytems |
| calcitonin | decreases the levels of calcium in the blood and stores it in the bones and teeth |
| parathyroid glands | regulate calcium levels |
| parathyroid hormone | works with calcitonin to regulate the levels of calcium in the blood |
| hypothyroidism | deficiency of thyroid secretions |
| hyperthyroidism | overproduction of thyroid secretions |
| goiter | abnormal, benign enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit |
| hypoparathyroidism | insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone |
| hypercalcemia | abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood |
| thymus | plays a role in the immune system |
| thymosin | stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into t-cells |
| pancreatic islets | control blood sugar levels and glucose metablolism |
| glucose | basic form of energy used by the body |
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose in the bloodstream |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| hypeglycemia | abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| adrenal glands | regulate electrolyte levels, influence metabolism, respond to stress, inner layer- adrenal medulla, outer layer- adrenal cortex |
| secretions of the adrenal cortex | androgens-sex hormones, corticosteroids-steroid hormones, aldosterone-regulates sodium and water levels, cortisol-anti-inflammatory |
| secretions fo the adrenal medulla | epinephrine-stimulates sympathetic nervous system, norepinephrine-fight or flight response |
| gonads | regulate the development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics |
| puberty | process of physically becoming an adult |
| secretions of gonads | estrogen-female secondary sex characteristics and menstrual cycle, progesterone-prepares uterus for pregnancy, testosterone-male secondary sex characteristics, gonadotropin-stimulates the gonads, androgens-male sex hormones, gametes-eggs or sperm |
| aldosteronism | an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone. |
| pheochromocytoma | a benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes the release of excess epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
| hypergonadism | the excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands. |
| gynecomastia | the condition of excessive mammary development in the male |
| type 1 diabetes | an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells. |
| type 2 diabetes | an insulin resistance disorder in which, although insulin is being produced, the body does not use it effectively. |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | occurs during some pregnancies |
| diabetic retinopathy | damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes. |
| lobectomy | the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ |
Created by:
malloryharlan
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