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Pharmacology Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nurses Role in Med Administration | Know the components of the drug order, read back all telephone/verbal orders, use the nursing process (ANPIE), skill in administering the drug. |
| Five plus five rights of medication administration | Right dose, right drug, right time, right patient, right route. Right to refuse, right to documentation, right to evaluation, right to assessment and right to education. |
| 2 forms of patient ID | Name and DOB |
| 3 medication checks | 1st - Pull it from the pixus 2nd - Before leaving the preparation room 3rd - Bedside then when scanning |
| 1st thing a nurse does if a patient refuses a medication | Assess reasoning first, then explain the risks and notify the doctor |
| Common administration errors | Failure to assess, failure to report, failure to document, Just Culture (not taking individual blame) |
| Cheapest and easiest medication route | Oral |
| Oral is not used when | A patient cannot swallow, is unconscious or is NPO |
| Oral tablets that should not be crushed are | Enteric coated or time release capsules |
| Best position for oral meds | Up-right position, semi-fowlers or higher |
| Method for administering eye drops | Supine with head back, pull down on lower lid and put drop / ointment into conjunctival sac |
| Amount of time nurse cleans the skin before an injection | 30 seconds |
| Insulin is mixed from | Clear to cloudy, NPH to regular |
| Parasympathetic actions on body | Constricts pupils, stimulate saliva, slow heart rate, constrict airways, stimulate stomach activity, contract bladder |
| Sympathetic actions on body | Dilate pupils, inhibit saliva, increase heart rate, relax airways, inhibit stomach activity, secrete epinephrine, relax bladder |
| Adrenergic agonist | Stimulates fight vs flight system, aka sympathetic activity |
| Adrenergic blockers | Act opposite to adrenergic agonists, more similarly to parasympathetic actions |
| Cholinergic | Parasympathetic activity |
| Anti-cholinergics | Act similarly to adrenergic agonists, blocks cholinergic activity |
| Receptors for sympathetic (adrenergic agonists) | Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2, Dopaminergic |
| Beta 1 receptors are found in | The heart |
| Beta 2 receptors are found in | The lungs |
| Anti-cholinergics have what effect on the body | Anti-spasmodic, anti-secretory, decreased tremors/rigidity, used often during pre-op |
| Increased GI motility indicates that | Cholinergic drugs are working |
| When giving adults anti-cholinergics look out for | Falls |
| Antidote for Bethanechol Chloride | Atropine sulfate |
| Beta blocker side effects | Hypotension, bradycardia, dizziness, weakness, depression |
| If a patient abruptly stops their hypertensive medication the nurse should | Assess BP first for rebound HTN |
| CNS depressants should not be combined with | beta blockers |
| A patient receiving epinephrine should have | increased HR, BP, contractions and bronchodilation |
| Indications for epinephrine | Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm |
| Albuterol | Selective beta 2 (lungs) agonist, causes relaxation |
| Selective beta blocker example | Atenolol |
| Non-selective beta blocker example | Sotalol |
| Hold beta blockers if | HR is below 60 |
| ANS medication used for Parkinson's Disease | Benztropine to decrease rigidity/tremors |
| African Americans respond better to which classifications | Calcium channel blockers, Alpha 1 blockers, IF NECESSARY COMBINE BETA BLOCKER W/ DIURETICS |
| Asian Americans should receive what dose of beta blockers | A lower dose due to sensitivity |
| Anti-coagulants | Heparin and Warfarin |
| SE of anticoagulants | Bleeding |
| Assess what for anticoagulants | Hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, liver (AST/ALT) |
| High protein binding medications | Warfarin, valsartan, prazosin HCL |
| Digoxin is used for | Heart failure |
| Antihypertensives cause | Hypotension, bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue |
| Before administering an antihypertensive | Assess BP |
| Diltiazem hydrochloride | Calcium channel blocker |
| Lisinopril | Anti hypertensive drug with an irritating cough as a side effect |
| Valsartan | Anti hypertensive drug with less chance of cough |
| Nitroglycerin | Anti-anginal drug with common side effect of headache, assess for pain in room |
| Diuretics are the first line of defense for | Hypertension |
| Digoxin | Cardiac glycoside |
| Acebutolol | Anti-dysrhymic |
| Antihypertensive meds | Prazosin HCL, Diltiazem hydrochloride, lisinopril, valsartan, metoprolol, (also atenolol) |
| Diphenhydramine | Antihistamine |
| Indications for diphenhydramine | Sneezing, itching, acute/allergic rhinitis, motion sickness, and sleep aid |
| Do not prescribe what with antihistamines | MAOIs (anti-depressants) |
| Montelukast is used for | Chronic asthma |
| Systemic decongestants | Relieve nasal congestion (alpha adrenergic agonists) |
| Antitussives | Suppresses cough reflex to help w/ non-productive or irritating cough |
| Expectorants | Loosens bronchial secretions so they can be removed with a cough, nurse should increase fluids |
| 3 major lung disorders associated w/ COPD | Asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| Tiotropium | Anti-cholinergic, used for treatment of bronchospams |
| Albuterol | Adrenergic agonist, prevents airway obstruction from COPD |
| Gentamicin Sulfate | Aminoglycoside that treats serious infections from E. Coli or psuedomonas |
| Vancomycin | Glycopeptide that is effective against MRSA but not enterococcus |
| Red man syndrome | Occurs when vancomycin is given too quickly through an IV |
| Levofloxacin | a fluoroquinolone that can turn a patients pee a harmless brown color |
| Doxycycline | A tetracycline that is effective in treating chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and rosacea, should not be given to children due to teeth discoloration |
| Amoxicillin | Penicillin that should be combined with clavulanic avid to increase effectiveness (due to beta lactamase enzyme inhibitor) |
| Azithromycin | Macrolide |
| Ceftriaxone | Cephalosporin |
| Antibacterial drug with common itching, rashes or skin eruptions | Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) which is an sulfonamide |
| Metronidazole | Micromidazole that should not be combined with alcohol for at least 48hrs after |
| 3 major adverse reactions to anti-bacterials | Allergic reaction, superinfection, or organ toxicity |
| Basic nursing implications for all anti-infectives | Asses for allergies, culture/sensitivity test, monitor temperature, increase fluids, monitor liver and kidney values |
| Non-obstructive urinary retention because it increases urination |
Created by:
judaeas
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