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A&P Ch 27
Nutrition & Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as | Anabolism |
| Where does glycolysis take place? | Cytosol |
| This removes excess cholesterol from body cells and transport it to the liver for elimination? | High density lipoproteins |
| What affect heat production? | Hormones, Nervous system, Ingestion of food |
| Water-soluble vitamin? | Vitamin B |
| Vitamins is considered an anti-oxidant? | Vitamin C |
| Major nutrients for the body? | Proteins, Carbohydrates, Minerals |
| What do provitamins do? | Building blocks of vitamins |
| Fat-soluble vitamin? | Vitamin E |
| What can antioxidant vitamins do? | Can inactivate oxygen free radicals |
| Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called | Catabolism |
| When the terminal phosphate is cut off ATP what is formed? | Adenosine diphosphate |
| How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis? | 2 |
| How many ATPs can come from cellular respiration, which includes the use of oxygen? | 36-38 |
| Where does the Krebs cycle take place? | Mitochondria |
| Where is most glycogen stored? | Skeletal muscle |
| What pancreatic hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? | Glucagon |
| What is gluconeogenesis? | Reactions in the liver that form glucose from noncarbohydrate sources |
| Most glucose that enters the liver is converted to which compound | Glycogen |
| Splitting triglycerides for ATP is called | Lipolysis |
| Lipogenesis or the synthesis of triglycerides, occurs when | More calories are consumed than required for ATP need |
| Describe ketone bodies | Can enter body cells and be broken down to acetyl CoA |
| Transport dietary lipids? | Chylomicrons |
| How many essential amino acids are there? | 10 |
| The definition of a calorie is the amount of heat required to | Raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C |
| This is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact between surfaces. | Conduction |
| Approximately how much heat is lost through evaporation, under typical resting conditions? | 22% |
| The heat promoting center stimulates parts of the brain that | Stimulates skeletal muscle activity to shiver |
| Thyrotropin releasing hormone is secreted by the | Hypothalamus |
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