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A&P Ch 27
Nutrition & Metabolism
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as | Anabolism |
Where does glycolysis take place? | Cytosol |
This removes excess cholesterol from body cells and transport it to the liver for elimination? | High density lipoproteins |
What affect heat production? | Hormones, Nervous system, Ingestion of food |
Water-soluble vitamin? | Vitamin B |
Vitamins is considered an anti-oxidant? | Vitamin C |
Major nutrients for the body? | Proteins, Carbohydrates, Minerals |
What do provitamins do? | Building blocks of vitamins |
Fat-soluble vitamin? | Vitamin E |
What can antioxidant vitamins do? | Can inactivate oxygen free radicals |
Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called | Catabolism |
When the terminal phosphate is cut off ATP what is formed? | Adenosine diphosphate |
How many ATPs can come from substrate level phosphorylation during glycolysis? | 2 |
How many ATPs can come from cellular respiration, which includes the use of oxygen? | 36-38 |
Where does the Krebs cycle take place? | Mitochondria |
Where is most glycogen stored? | Skeletal muscle |
What pancreatic hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? | Glucagon |
What is gluconeogenesis? | Reactions in the liver that form glucose from noncarbohydrate sources |
Most glucose that enters the liver is converted to which compound | Glycogen |
Splitting triglycerides for ATP is called | Lipolysis |
Lipogenesis or the synthesis of triglycerides, occurs when | More calories are consumed than required for ATP need |
Describe ketone bodies | Can enter body cells and be broken down to acetyl CoA |
Transport dietary lipids? | Chylomicrons |
How many essential amino acids are there? | 10 |
The definition of a calorie is the amount of heat required to | Raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C |
This is a mechanism of heat transfer that involves direct contact between surfaces. | Conduction |
Approximately how much heat is lost through evaporation, under typical resting conditions? | 22% |
The heat promoting center stimulates parts of the brain that | Stimulates skeletal muscle activity to shiver |
Thyrotropin releasing hormone is secreted by the | Hypothalamus |