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Ch.13
Ch. 13
Term | Definition |
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Charlemagne | King of the Franks from 768 to 814; he united much of France, Germany and northern Italy in one Frankish empire; crowned Emperor of the Roman people in 800 |
Papal States | Territories in central Italy controlled by the pope from 756-1870 |
Counts | Title of nobility; in Charlemagne's empire, chosen officials who ruled parts of the empire in his name |
Navigation | The guidance of ships from place to place |
Sagas | long stories, written in early 1200s, about great Icelandic heroes and events |
Leif Eriksson | A viking that lead the journey to reach america |
Knights | In medieval Europe, nobles who were members of a lord's heavily armored cavalry |
Fief | A grant of land from a lord to a vassal |
Vassal | In medieval Europe, a person granted land from a lord in return for services |
Feudal system | A political and social system based on for granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services |
Fealty | The loyalty owned by a vassal to his feudal lord |
Manorial system | An economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors |
Serfs | Peasants who were legally bound to their lord's land |
Alfred the Great | King of Wessex from 871 to 899; he defeated Danish invaders and united Anglosaxon England under his control. He compiled a code of laws and promoted learning |
William the Conqueror | King of England from 1060 to 1087; he was a powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to England |
Domesday Book | The written record of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086 |
Eleanor of Aquitaine | Queen of France and England; she was one of the most powerful women in Europe during the Middle Ages |
Magna Carta | A charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king's powers |
Parliament | The governing body of England |
Hugh Capet | King of France from 987 to 996; elected by Frankish nobles to succeed King Louis V, he founded the Capetian dynasty, which ruled France for 300 years |
Otto the Great | King of Germany(936-973) and Holy Roman Emperor(962-973) |
Reconquista | The effort of Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, occurring between between the 1100s and 1492 |
Piety | Devotion to one's religion |
Pontificate | Papal term in office |
Pope Gregory VII | 1020-1085) powerful medieval pope; fought with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over the power to choose church officials |
Henry IV | King of England from 1509 to 1547; he was the first king from the house of Tudor: his defeat of Richard III and his assumption of the throne marked the end of the Wars of the roses and the new beginning of a new era |