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Ch. 7 terms
respiratory system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| respiratory system | deliver air to lungs, deliver oxygen to blood, expel wastes, produce speech |
| upper respiratory tract | nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea |
| lower respiratory tract | bronchial tree and lungs |
| nose | exchanges air then warms, moisturizes, and filters inhaled air |
| nasal septum | wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections |
| cilia | the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils to filter incoming air |
| mucous membranes | line the nose (and other body parts), produce mucus, plays a role in immune response |
| mucus | slippery secretion produced by mucous membranes to protect and lubricate those tissues |
| olfactory receptors | nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell (and taste) |
| paranasal sinuses, para/nas/al | air-filled cavities, secrete mucus, lighten bones, resonate sound |
| frontal sinuses | located in frontal bone just above eyebrows, infection causes severe pain here |
| sphenoid sinuses | located in sphenoid bone behind eye, infection can damage optical nerve |
| maxillary sinuses | largest, in maxillary bone under the eyes, infection can cause tooth pain |
| ethmoid sinuses | located in ethmoid bone between nose and eyes, infection can cause vision problems |
| sinusitis | inflammation of sinuses |
| pharynx | throat, transport air from nose to trachea |
| nasopharynx | first part of pharynx, behind nasal cavity to behind mouth |
| bronchi | two large tubes, transport air from trachea to lungs |
| bronchioles | smallest branches of bronchi |
| alveoli | air sacs, grapelike clusters where gas is exchanged with blood |
| surfactant | detergent like substance that reduces the surface tension of fluid in the lungs |
| lungs | bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide (and some other wastes) |
| lobes of lungs | right lung has 3 lobes, upper, middle, lower- left lung has 2, the heart is there, upper and lower |
| pleura | thin, moist, slippery membrane that covers the outside of the lungs |
| parietal pleura | outer layer of the pleura |
| viseral pleura | inner layer of pleura |
| pleural cavity | pleural space, thin fluid filled space between parietal and visceral pleuras to reduce friction |
| pleurodynia, pleuro/dynia | sharp pain when inflamed pleural membranes rub together |
| pyothorax, pyo/thorax | pus in pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane |
| hemothorax, hemo/thorax | collection of blood in pleural cavity |
| silicosis | form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust |
| anthracosis, anthrac/osis | black discoloration of bronchi from carbon pigment that typically causes deformation and obstruction |
| atelectasis | a collapsed lung |
| diaphram | dome shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, causes inspiration, controlled by the phrenic nerves |
| phrenic nerves | stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract |
| respiration | breathing, exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide |
| inhalation | the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts |
| exhalation | act of breathing out, as the diaphragm relaxes it moves up and forces air out of the lungs |
| external respiration | bring air in and out of the lungs from the outside environment |
| internal respiration | cellular respiration, exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues, from blood to cells and back |
| oropharynx | second part of pharynx, part visible at back of mouth |
| laryngopharynx | third and last part of pharynx, carries air and food or fluids from mouth to esophagus and trachea |
| pharyngitis | sore throat, inflammation of pharynx, most common reason for doctors visit, bacterial or viral |
| larynx | voice box, makes speech possible |
| laryngitis | inflammation of larynx, often describes voice loss |
| epiglottis | lid-like structure that closes so food doesn't enter the trachea |
| trachea | transports air to and from lungs, windpipe, held open by cartilage |
| laryngospasm | sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx, associated with GERD |
| aphonia | loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds |
| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness, weakness, or cracking |
| tracheorrhagia | bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea |
| croup | acute respiratory infection characterized by a barking cough and stridor (high pitched wheezing noise) |
| diphtheria | acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract, toxins can damage heart and nerves |
| epistaxis | nose-bleed |
| pertussis | whooping cough, bacterial infection characterized by spasm like cough and noisy inspiration |
| rhinorrhea | runny nose |
| eupnea | easy or normal breathing |
| apnea | temporary absence of respiration |
| bradypnea | abnormally slow rate of respiration |
| tachypnea | abnormally rapid rate of repiration |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath, difficult or labored breathing |
| hyperpnea | breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal at rest |
| hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration |
| otolaryngologist | Ear, nose, and throat doctor (ENT) |
| pulmonolist | specializes in respiratory system |
| thoracic surgeon | performs operations on the organs inside the thorax or chest |
Created by:
malloryharlan
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