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WH2 #6 - Ind Rev.
Industrial Revolution
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Industrial Revolution | Great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18th century |
Crop Rotation | Planting a different crop in a different field each year |
Industrialization | Process of developing machine production of goods |
Factory | Building where goods are made |
Urbanization | City building & the movement of people to cities |
Middle Class | A social class of skilled workers, professionals, business people & wealthy farmers |
Stock | Right of ownership in a company called a corporation |
Corporation | Business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debts |
Adam Smith | Philosopher who defended laissez-faire economics; Capitalism |
Capitalism | Economic system in which people invest money to make a profit |
Socialism | Belief that businesses should be owned by society as a whole |
Karl Marx | Economic thinker who wrote about a radical form of socialism |
Communism | Form of socialism in which all production is owned by the people |
Union | Organized groups of workers that bargain with business owners to get better pay & working conditions |
Strike | Organized refusal to work |
Commercial Revolution | an increase in general commerce, and in the growth of financial services such as banking, insurance, and investing |
Agricultural Revolution | a period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. |
James Watt | Inventor of the steam engine |
Eli Whitney | Inventor of the cotton gin |
Henry Bessemer | Inventor of the modern process for making steel |
Edward Jenner | Developed the smallpox vaccine |
Louis Pasteur | Discovery of bacteria and the germ theory of disease |
Wealth of Nations | the book by Adam Smith which forms the basis for modern capitalism. |
Communist Manifesto | Karl Marx's political platform, outlining his beliefs about Communism. |
Joseph Lister | surgeon who introduced new principles of cleanliness which transformed surgical practice in the late 1800s |