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Ch. 6 terms
immune system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| lymphatic system | absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins, remove waste products from tissues and work with immune system, return filtered lymph to veins at base of neck |
| lacteals | in small intestine, absorb fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream |
| lymphadenitis, lymph/aden/itis | swollen glands, inflammation of the lymph nodes |
| lymphangioma, lymph/angi/oma | benign tumor formed by abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of lymphatic system |
| lymphedema, lymph/edema | swelling of tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues |
| lymphoscintigraphy, lympho/scinti/graphy | test to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels, uses a radioactive substance |
| splenorrhagia, spleno/rrhagia | bleeding from the spleen |
| interstitial fluid | plasma from blood that flows out of arterioles and into the capillaries and then into the intercellular spaces, delivers the nutrients, oxygen, and hormones, picks up wastes, 90% returns to blood stream- the 10% left behind is lymph |
| lymph | clear watery fluid containing electrolytes and proteins, collects wastes- pathogens and dead blood cells |
| lymphatic circulation | works with blood circulatory system, does not have a pump muscles move it, doesn't flow in a circular motion only moves up to neck, lymph filtered by lymph nodes, lymph is clear so vessels are not easy to see |
| lymphatic capillaries | microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body, action of the cells forces the lymph to flow upward and forward |
| lymphatic vessels | flows here from the lymphatic capillaries, these are deeper in the tissues, have valves, join together to form two ducts |
| lymph nodes | small, bean shaped, contain specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens |
| right lymphatic duct | collects lymph from the right side of head and neck, upper right quadrant of body, and right arm |
| thoracic duct | largest lymphatic vessel in body, collects lymph from rest of body especially all left side and lower body |
| tonsils | masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat, filter the air that you breathe to prevent pathogens from entering the respiratory system |
| palatine tonsils | left and right, located on the sides of the throat in the area that is visible at the back of the mouth |
| adenoids | nasopharyngeal tonsils, located in the nasopharynx |
| lingual tonsils | located at the base of the tongue, but not easily visible |
| thymus | mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart, produces T cells and thymosin, becomes smaller with age |
| vermiform appendix | hangs from cecum, first section of large intestine, probably plays a role in the immune system |
| spleen | sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue in upper left quadrant of abdomen behind the stomach, filters blood, destroys blood cells (hemolytic), maintains blood/plasma balance in blood |
| pathogens | disease-producing organisims |
| allergens | substances that produce allergic reactions |
| toxins | poisonous or harmful substances |
| malignant cells | potentially life-threatening cancer cells |
| immune system | maintain good health, protect from harmful substances |
| antigen-antibody reaction | immune reaction, involves binding antigens to antibodies, |
| immunity | state of being resistant to a specific disease |
| tolerance | an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen |
| antibody | disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen |
| natural immunity | resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease, present at birth or through breast milk |
| acquired immunity | obtained by having a contagious disease or being vaccinated |
| autoimmune disorder | any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells for antigens |
| immunodeficiency disease | occurs when immune response is comprimised |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | an opportunistic infection that is frequently associated with HIV, a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow in many places in the body |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, a blood test to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies, lyme disease, or other infections |
| western blot test | more accurate than ELISA, used to confirm ELISA for HIV positive (ELISA often has false positive, western blot is more difficult and expensive) |
| carcinoma | malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues |
| bacteria | one-celled microscopic organisms, most are not harmful |
| fungus | simple parasitic organism, again most are harmless, but some like athlete's foot or ring worm are pathogenic |
| yeast | type of fungus, some pathogenic like candida |
| viruses | very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells |
| anthrax | contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock infected with bacillus anthracis |
| staphylococcus aureus | form of staph that often infects wounds and causes serious problems such as TSS or food poisoning |
| streptococci | bacteria that form a chain, many are harmless, some lead to strep throat |
| toxoplasmosis | parasite commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces, causes birth defects |
| varicella | chicken pox, caused by herpes virus and highly contagious, fever and itchy rash |
| herpes zoster | shingles, acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that fallow the route of an inflammed nerve, occurs when varicella is reactivated later in life |
| Zika virus | transmitted by mosquito, no treatment or vaccine, usually mild, causes birth defects |
| STI | passed by intimate contact, like warm wet locations, mucosal membranes, |
| bacterial STI | chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis |
| viral STI | human papillomavirus, HIV, herpes, hepatitis |
| parasitic STI | pubic lice, scabies, trichomoniasis, yeast |
| T cells | origin in thymus, play a central role in cell-mediated immunity |
| B cells | specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies |
| natural killer cells | play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses |
| cytokines | a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells, act as signals to begin immune response |
| interferons | produced in response to the presence of antigens, activate immune system |
| interleukins | play multiple roles in the immune system, direct B and T cells to replicate |
| allergic reaction | occurs when the immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader |
| allergens | substance that produces an allergic reaction |
| anaphylaxis | severe potentially life threatening allergic reaction |
| parasites | plant or animal that lives on or within a living organism |
| immunosuppressant | used to reduce or prevent bodies normal immune response |
| corticosteroid drug | hormone-like preparation administered as an anti-inflamatory and immunosupressant |
| cytotoxic drug | medication that kills or damages cells |
| antibody therapy | synthetic immunoglobulins, synthetic interferon, monoclonal antibodies |
Created by:
malloryharlan
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