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APHuG
Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecumene | inhabited portion of the earth's surface |
| urban areas | high concentrations of people |
| suburbs | residential areas near cities |
| rural areas | low concentrations |
| settlement | place with a permanent population |
| urbanization | process of developing towns |
| percent urban | indicator of the proportion of the population that lives in cities and towns as compared to those that live in rural areas |
| sub urbanization | the process of people moving to residential areas on the outskirts of cities |
| re urbanization | suburbanites return to live in the city |
| ex urbanization | move farther out into rural areas and work remotely |
| satellite city | town near a very large city grows into a city independent of the larger one |
| City states | consists of an urban center and its surrounding territory and agricultural villages. |
| urban hearths | areas associated with river valleys, Iraq, Egypt, Pakistan, China, Mexico, and South America. |
| Metropolitan Statistical Areas | Geographic area that includes a central city and all of its immediately interacting countries at least 50,000 people |
| Megalopolis | when MSA's overlap, chain of connected cities |
| Micropolitan Statistical Area | includes areas and surrounding areas of 10,000 to 50,000 people, smaller that a metropolitan statistical area |
| cultural Diversity | what activities can be participated in and what people are located there |
| Preindustrial Cities | developed prior to the industrial age, similar characteristics, surrounded by agricultural production on the outside of the city |
| Streetcar suburbs | communities that grew up along rail lines |
| urban system | an interdependent set of cities within a region |
| gravity model | places that are larger and closer together will have a greater interaction than places that are smaller and farther away from each other |
| Rank-size rule | # largest city in any region will be 1/# the size of the largest city |
| primate city | largest city (Primate city) in an urban system is more than twice as large as the next largest city |
| central place theory | Walter Christaller, 1933, explains the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region |
| central place | location where people go to receive goods and services |
| Threshold | the size of population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable |
| Range | the distance people will travel to obtain specific goods and services |
| megacities | worlds largest cities, more than 10 million people |
| World cities | exert influence far beyond their national boundaries, New York, Tokyo, London, and Paris |
| conurbation | merged into a single, uninterrupted urban area |
| social heterogeneity | the population of cities contain a great variety of people |
| Borchert's model | John Borchert, describes urban growth based on transportation technology |
| pedestrian cities | cities shaped by the distances people could walk |
| functional zonation | portions of an urban area have specific and distinct purposes |
| central business district | commercial heart of a city |
| concentric zone model | rings that surround the CBD, first zone is transition zone, next three are residential zones, greater distance from CBD = more expensive and costly homes |
| sector model | housing located near CBD, low medium and high income housing, sector for transportation edge to center |
| multiple nuclei model | functional zonation occurred around the centers, look at model image |
| peripheral model | suburban neighborhoods surround an inner city, served by nodes of commercial activity along a ring road |
| galactic city models | spread of U.S. cities outward from the CBD to the suburbs |
| edge cities | nodes of economic activity that have developed in the periphery of large cities |
| shantytowns | poorly built housing |
| favelas | neighborhoods where extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness are common |
| basic economic base | brings money into a city and gives the city its primary function |
| nonbasic economic base | moves money within the city, does not take money from outside of the city |
| blockbusting | black families move into white neighborhoods and then white families sell their homes |
| redlining | outline an area and not lean money to African Americans in the area |
| gentrification | older locations are rebuild and renovated |
| suburbanization | centrifugal movement of people out of the urban areas to suburban areas |
| site | absolute location of a city, trade defense and religion |
| situation | relative location of a city |
| urban morphology | the layout of a city, its physical form and structure |
| commercialization | governments transform the central city to attract residents and tourists |
| planned communities | planned out from beginning to end |
| gated communities | surrounded by a gate, safe |
| invasion and succession | one social group gradually replaces another through filtering |
| census tracts | regions that function as the building blocks of a census |
| inner cities | regions just outside the CBD |
| underclass | people who face social hardships that contribute to their poverty |
| ghettos | areas of poverty occupied by a minority group |
| urban heat island | a portion of a city warmer than the surrounding regions |
| deindustrialization | companies move to other cheaper regions |
| centrality | The functional dominance of cities within an urban system |
| colonial city | wider streets,larger houses, and lower density |
| commuter zone | the fifth ring in the concentric zone model that is beyond the continuous built-up area of the city |
| counterurbanization | net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries |
| decentralization | activities are away from a central location or group |
| early cities | cities of the ancient world |
| emerging cities | city currently without much population but increasing in size at a fast rate |
| employment suture | how the workforce is divided up between the three main employment sectors - primary, secondary, and tertiary |
| ethnic neighborhood | a neighborhood in which the people who live in there and share physical, mental, and cultural traits |
| female- headed household | a household in which the most powerful person is a female |
| festival landscape | a landscape of cultural festivities |
| great cities | a city with a population of more then 1 million |
| high- tech corridors | thousands of high tech businesses and industries |
| hinterland | the area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services |
| hydraulic civilization | people who grew up or live on/by water |
| indigenous city | a center of population, commerce, and culture that is native to a country |
| in-filling | the use of vacant land for further construction |
| informal sector | economic activity neither taxed or monitored by a government |
| infrastructure | the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area |
| lateral commuting | commuting between two suburbs |
| medieval cities | cities that existed during the time frame of the middle ages |
| multiplier effect | the expansion of the money supply |
| office park | an area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together |
| peak land value intersection | land within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce |
| postmodern urban landscape | Attempts to reconnect people to the place |
| racial steering | real estates guide prospective buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race |
| restrictive covenants | prevent property sale to a person of a particular race or religion |
| segregation | the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group |
| nucleated | a compact, closely packed settlement |
| dispersed | lower density of population and the wide spacing of individual homesteads |
| elongated | long and narrow in shape |
| shopping mall | mercantile establishment consisting of a carefully landscaped complex of shops representing leading merchandisers |
| slum | a heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and squalor |
| social structure | social organization based on established patterns of social interaction between different relationships |
| specialization | separation of tasks within a system |
| squatters | people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent |
| grid | streets are arranged in a grid-like fashion |
| dendritic | fewer streets, based on the amount of traffic each is intended to carry |
| access | provides access to a subdivision, housing project, or highway |
| control | allows highways or housing projects to be supervised |
| symbolic landscape | landscape that depicts symbols |
| tenement | An apartment building |
| town | an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city |
| underemployment | Employed at a job that does not fully use one's skills or abilities |
| urban growth rate | The rate at which an urban area grows |
| urban function | Services that are provided in a certain urban area |
| urban hierarchy | A ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions. |
| urban hydrology | Study of water in Urban areas and how to treat it |
| urbanized population | Population that lives in Urban areas |
| zone in transition | area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD |
| zoning | dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes |
| cityscapes | the urban equivalent of a landscape |
Created by:
LaurenJ.
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