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Mesopotamia Part 1
Ancient Mesopotamia Part 1 flashcards 5 Social Studies 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drought | A long period of time with little to no rain which can cause food shortages. The Mesopotamians ran into the problem of having droughts occur ¾ of the year. |
| Famine | A long period of time without food causing death. The Hebrews lived in Canaan until a famine struck and drove them into Egypt in search of food. |
| Surplus | An extra amount of a resource(s), often used for trading. If a farmer has a surplus of tools, he may be able to trade for enough food to support his family. |
| Barter | To trade for things people want. People barter for all types of things, whether it is food or a shelter or a need in general. |
| City-State | An early walled city with its farmland and government that was like a small independent country with its own laws, government. Jerusalem, Akkad, Babylon, Uruk, Eridu, Ur, Nippur, Kish, and Nineveh are all examples of City-States in Mesopotamia. |
| Ziggurat | Large temples that were built to honor the gods and goddesses. A priest would go to a ziggurat many many times to pray to the gods. |
| Cuneiform | First written language, invented by the Sumerians. Words or ideas were shown as characters made up of triangles and lines. Written with a stylus on clay tablets. Until the Akkadians took over, Sumerians used this as their main system of writing. |
| Judaism | The world’s first Monotheistic religion. It was created by Abraham in 1780 BCE. People that lived under the teachings of Abraham all believed in Judaism. |
| Polytheistic Religion | A religion where there is the belief that there is more than one God. The ancient Mesopotamians and Egyptians both believed in a Polytheistic Religion. |
| Monotheistic Religion | A religion where there is the belief that there is only one God. The ancient Hebrews believed in a Monotheistic Religion. |
| Explain the Mesopotamian Social Structure | Was divided into ranks and classes. Rank depended on job. Order: |king|, |priests|, |skilled craftspeople, merchants, traders|, |large working class of farmers and laborers|, |slaves|. Top: most power, least people. Bottom:least power, most people. |
| Sargon Part 1 | First ruler of the Akkadian empire. Most famous for his strategies and his army methods. Destroyed walls of city-states to stop rebels. Rebels had no defensible positions. Made sure that rulers and governors were loyal to him; if not, he replaced them. |
| Sargon Part 2 | He taught army to fight in formations. Soldiers with shields stood at front. Behind stood soldiers with spears. The spear carriers extended their weapons between the shields. Demanded that his sons rule after he died. Ruled for 56 years. |
| Hammurabi Part 1 | First ruler of Babylonian empire. Hammurabi was famous for creating the first roads and the first postal service. Best known for the Code of Hammurabi. |
| Hammurabi Part 2 | Code: 282 laws written between 1792 BCE and 1750 BCE. Were created to preserve order between all former city-states and to unify his empire. Claimed the gods told him to make laws that applied to everyone, thus saying they couldn’t be changed. |
| Nebuchadrezzar II Part 1 | Most famous king of Neo-Babylonian Empire. AKA Nebuchadnezzar. Rebuilt Babylon’s ziggurat for splendor. Decorated his palace with fabulous gardens. Gardens looked like they were hanging. Built greenery for Persian queen, to help with her homesickness. |
| Nebuchadrezzar II Part 2 | Expanded empire. Conquered Canaan. Took rebellious Hebrews from Canaan into Babylonia. Kept Babylon safe. Built an inner wall and an outer wall. Built archer towers. Created moat around walls. Bridge allowed entry during peace, bridge came up during war. |
| Abraham | First leader of the Hebrew people. Creator of Judaism. Was instructed by God to lead people that believed in Judaism into a new nation. So, the Hebrews followed Abraham into Canaan. People thrived under the teachings of Abraham in Canaan until he died. |
| Moses Part 1 | A leader of the Hebrews. Freed them from the Egyptian’s 400 year enslavement. Was an abandoned baby raised under the pharaoh's daughter. He witnessed a slave beating, then killed the slave owner. He then fled. Was instructed by God to free the Hebrews. |
| Moses Part 2 | He demanded the pharaoh to free them. When the pharaoh refused, Moses unleashed the 10 plagues, and eventually, the pharaoh gave up. Moses led the Hebrews back to Canaan where they settled after destroying the army the pharaoh had sent to bring them back. |
| Fertile Crescent | A crescent shaped region that contains both Mesopotamia and Sumer. The land in this region was very good for farming, and that's why Mesopotamians thrived so much in this land. |
| Mesopotamia | Means “land between the rivers”. Is region of land between Tigris River and Euphrates River. Greeks were only one that called land Mesopotamia. Early people settled in Mesopotamia and thrived Many huge achievements happened in Mesopotamia, like the wheel. |
| Sumer | An area of land located in the bottom right of Mesopotamia. People moved to Sumer from the Zagros Mountains. Has great land for farming. Most city-states are in Sumer. Most achievements occurred in Sumer. |
| Problem 1: Problem 2: Problem 3: Problem 4 | Problem 1: Food Shortages in the Hills Problem 2: Uncontrolled Water Supply in the River Valley Problem 3: Difficulties in Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System Problem 4: Attacks by Neighboring Communities |
| Food Shortages in the Hills | Problem: Not enough food could be produced in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. The people were over the carrying capacity of the mountains. Solution: People moved out of the foothills and onto the plains between the rivers. |
| Uncontrolled Water Supply in the River Valley | Problem: There was an uncontrolled water supply in the plains. Droughts and floods could not be controlled. Solution: The Sumerians created irrigation systems with levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs. |
| Difficulties in Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System | Problem: The irrigation system had to be maintained regularly because it was constantly filled with silt. Solution: People were forced to work together. As they worked together, they formed larger communities. |
| Attacks by Neighboring Communities | Problem: Cities fought over the right to use water. Solution: Sumerians built walls and moats around their cities. This is the birth of a city state. |
Created by:
ashah25
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