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Nerve system
Nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lept/o | thin, slender |
| alges/o | excessive |
| lex/o | word, phrase |
| tax/o | order, coordination |
| my/o | muscle |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| radicul/o | nerve root |
| thec/o | sheath |
| -praxia | action |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -phasia | speech |
| syncop/o | to cut off, cut short |
| -algesia | sensitivity to pain |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges, membranes |
| -sthenia | strength |
| -algia | pain |
| -esthesia | sensation |
| -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic | movement |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -paresis | weakness |
| vag/o | vagus nerve |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| pont/o | pons |
| neur/o | nerves |
| gli/o | glial cells |
| encephal/o | brain |
| dur/o | dura mater |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| caus/o | burning |
| comat/o | deep sleep |
| esthesi/o | feeling, nervous |
| kines/o, kinesi/o | movement |
| Major divisions of the nervous system | Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System |
| What is included in the CNS? | brain and spinal cord |
| What is included in the peripheral nervous system? | cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses |
| All cranial nerves carry impulses between the brain and the head and neck EXCEPT... | cranial nerve X Vagus nerve |
| How many cranial nerve pairs are there? | 12 |
| How many spinal nerve pairs are there? | 31 |
| What is the name of a microscopic nerve cell? | neuron |
| Examples of neurotransmitters.. | Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine(adrenaline), dopamine, serotonin and endorphins |
| The transfer of impulse across the synapse depends on the release of a chemical substance called... | neurotransmitter |
| What is the largest part of the brain? | cerebrum |
| What are sheets that nerve cells lie in, in the cerebrum? | cerebral cortex |
| What are folds that the cerebral cortex are arranged in? | gyri |
| What are grooves that separate the gyri? | sulci |
| What are the halves called that the brain is divided into? | cerebral hemispheres |
| What are the four lobes that each cerebral hemisphere is divided into? | Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal |
| What are some of the functions of the cerebrum? | thought, judgement, memory, association and descrimination |
| What are the spaces called in the middle of the cerebrum? | ventricles |
| What is the watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord? | cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid? | to protect the brain and spinal cord from shock by acting as a cushion |
| What is the process of withdrawing CSF for diagnosis or relief of pressure on the brain? | Lumbar puncture (LP) |
| What is the part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary movement and maintain posture and balance? | cerebellum |
| Pons and medulla are part of the what? | brainstem |
| What are centers of the medulla oblongata? | respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor |
| Thinking, personality, sensations, movement, memory | cerebrum |
| Relay station for sensory impulses; pain | thalamus |
| Body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, controls pituitary gland | hypothalamus |
| Coordination of voluntary movements and balance | cerebellum |
| Connection of nerves (to eyes and face) | pons |
| Nerve fibers cross over. Contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels and respiratory system | medulla oblongata |
| Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration with personality changes and impairment of daily function. | Alzheimer disease |
| Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
| Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity | epilepsy |
| Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and it's replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue | multiple sclerosis |
| Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles | myasthenia gravis |
| paralysis of one side of the face | Bell palsy |
| Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, ocuring in later life and leading to tremors, weaknes in muscles, slowness in movement | Parkinson disease |
| Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements, uncontrollable vocal sounds, inappropriate words | Tourette syndrome |
| Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke | cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (thrombotic, emolic and hemorrhagic) |
| Paralysis of all four limbs | quadraplegia |
| Paralysis of one side of the body | hemiplegia |
| Weakness of one side of the body | hemiparesis |
| Partial or total loss of the ability to communicate verbally or using written words | aphasia |
| Failure of muscular coordination | ataxia |
| Faint, temporary loss of conciousness | syncope |
| ALS | amytrophic lateral sclerosis |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| EEG | electroencephalography |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
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