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WorldHistoryStudy
1945A World History Final Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plato’s ideal form of government? He stated his philosophy in his work The Republic. | Believed that individuals should live in a just and rational state |
| Rome’s first code of law | - The Twelve Tables were Rome's first code of law - They explained the duties and rights of all Roman citizens. |
| What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? | Judaism and Christianity were monotheistic (they believed only one God ruled the universe).Greco-Roman faiths were polytheistic and henotheistic. Polytheism: accepts the existence of other gods. Henotheism: they protect different geographical areas |
| How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? It is central to Western political thought today. | They believed that dignity, achievement, worth were important to an individual. |
| A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? | The analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances |
| Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? | The people;everyone. Argued for the origin of the state as social contract theory |
| One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence? What document? | The declaration of the Rights of man and the Citizen |
| The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed. | Humans are guided by natural laws through reason and thought. They can learn about their natural laws and create bodies that govern the people based on them. |
| What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? | An end to tax exemptions, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press |
| What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? | The Napoleonic code, public school system, and the construction of new transportation options including canals and roads |
| Philosophies of John Locke | Humans have natural rights |
| What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? | John Locke |
| What was the Glorious Revolution all about? | The invasion of England by William of Orange, which overthrew James ll with almost no bloodshed |
| Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? | It strengthened the idea that a monarch's power was limited and not absolute |
| What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? | Improved food supplies, large labor force, and an abundant of money supply |
| The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? | The improvements of the steam engine |
| Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? | Railroad construction, factory production, and coal mining |
| Nationalism v. Patriotism | Nationalism: What is right for the country Patriotism: What is right for the people |
| More on Nationalism v. Patriotism | Nationalism: Creates a feeling of blind arrogance. Displays a sense of extensive pride no matter the costs Patriotism: Creates a feeling of responsibility. Displays a sense of pride in ones country |
| What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution? | Emergence of the middle and the working class |
| What was the objective of the Romantic artists? | To stir up emotions |
| How long did the Enlightenment Period last? | The Enlightenment period lasted 150 years |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Political campaigner for Indian Rights. Set up a nonviolent movement to help force the British into helping the poor and to grant India its independence |
| What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? | The first War of Independence, Sepoy Mutiny, as the British call it |
| Democracy | Government ruled by the people. They have the right to openly discuss issues and vote in assembly |
| Enlightenment view of women | They were considered to have natural rights to home and family. |
| The Declaration of Independence state that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document. | The Bill of Rights |
| How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? | They created a government based on a social contract |
| How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? | They issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| Napoleonic Code and the Enlightenment principles | Guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law |
| What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? | An improvement in sanitation |
| What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? | Labor Unions |
| What contributed to German’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? | Substantial iron and coal reserves |
| Most to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? | The decline of the Ottoman Empire |
| What had great power in the Third Republic in France? | The voter-elected Chamber of Deputies had great power |
| Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? | Britain had exploited its diversity |
| What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? | Korea |
| Which system of law appeared first? | The Code of Hammurabi |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher that was interested in analyzing and classifying things as they are based on observation and investigation. |
| Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? | The reports of Jesus being the Messiah and had overcome death |
| Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? | He liked to abuse his power and signing it would strengthen the idea that the monarch's power was limited |
| A cause of the French Revolution. | The crisis in government finances |
| The most political form in classical Mediterranean world | Representative Democracy |
| The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century | The Black Plague; Bubonic Plague |
| Middle Passage | The voyage from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas |
| Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? | Niccolo Machiavelli |
| The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 | Proclaimed by the United States in order to keep European nations out of Latin America |
| Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence | To free the colonies from allegiance to Britain |
| One effect of the French Revolution | Nationalistic feelings were stimulated |
| Nationalism | The loyalty of people to their values, traditions, and geographical region at whatever the cost |
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