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Spielvogel-Chapter 5
Civilization of the Greeks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did Geography of Greece affect Greek History?(5.1) | Mountains created isloated, independent communicties; island geography led to seafaring and creation of colonies. |
| what role did Homer's works play in the lives of the Greeks?(5.1) | Educational texts, provided heroic ideal. |
| What was the polis, or city-state and how did the major city-states of Athens and Sparta differ?(5.2) | Community with common goals: Athens: well rounded citizens; Sparta: harsh militaristic physically fit |
| What political and culutral contributions did the Greeks make to Western Civilization during the classical period?(5.4) | Political: male dominance, slavery, free-trade economiy, public works projectsCultural: strengthened family unit, importance of religion, physical fitness and sports, love of wisdom, theater, systematic recording of history |
| How did Alexander the Great create an empire? (5.5) | Military prowess, destruction of Persina monarch, global view of the world. |
| What were the cultural achievements of the Hellenistic world?(5.5) | Science: Theory of the sun, Geometry of spheresPhilosophy: Epicureanism |
| Types of governments Greeks developed | Monarchy, aristocracy, tyrany, oligarchy and democracy |
| Two important ideas Greeks contributed | A. The individual has the ability to use rational thought to gain true wisdomB. Citizens should make the decisions that affect how they are to be goverened (Democratic ideal) |
| Epic Poems | A long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero (e.g. Homer and the Iliad) |
| Mycenae | a fortified site in Greece-Greek civilization that flourished from 1600 - 1100 BC |
| Heinrich Schliemann | German Archaeologist who discovered the Mycenaean Greek civilization. |
| The Odyssey | Epic Poem-recounts the journeys of Odysseus-a greek hero |
| What was the first Greek State? | The Mycenaeans |
| Where was the most important stronghold of Mycenaean Greece? (5.1) | Mycenae |
| Which archaeologist unearthed this Mycenaean?(5.1) | Heinrich Schliemann |
| Why was Homer used as the basis for Greek education?(5.1) | Epics taught courage and honor to Greek makes; stories were considered true history. |
| Why were the mycenaeans solely responsible for their downfall?(5.1) | because the states fought amongst one another as they were warriors. |
| Why is the period immediately following the Mycenaeans referred to as a Dark Age? (5.1) | The population declined and food production dropped. Many left the mainland and there were few records. |
| Deeds of great heroes in Greece were told in ___________________ | Epic poems |
| When did the Mycenaean civilization reach its highest point (5.1) | 1400 to 1200 BC |
| What was the basic textbook for the education of Greek males?(5.1) | The Iliad and the Odyssey |
| What was the Greek city-states's distrust of each other? (5.1) | They became fiercely patriotic independents, eventually leading to the ruin of Greece. |
| What was the social hierarchy of the Mycenean civilization?(5.1) | King-commanders of the army, the priests, the bureaucrats, 2. Free citizens-peasants, soldiers and artisans3. Lowest rung-serfs and slaves |
| Dark Age (5.1) | A period of decline following the peak of civilization. Very little information recorded. |
| Purpose of the oracle (5.4) | In the world there are divine forces and these are in charge of humans. Humans dependent upon Gods. |
| Role of gods in everyday life of the Greeks (5.4) | There were 12 main gods and they made sacrfices to them to honour them. |
| Relationship between religion and Greek Drama (5.4) | Initial dramas were tradgedies and these showed that humans were free--but could only work within limitations imposed by gods. |
| Basic philosophy between of Sophists (5.4) | Stressed the art of persuasive speaking-there was not absolute right or wrong. Teachers in 5th century Athens. |
| Basic philosphy of Socrates (5.4) | Uses question and answer format to lead the pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason. All knowledge within person. |
| Basic philosophy of Plate (5.4) | Wrote down thoughts and focused on "what is real?" |
| Major historians during this Greek period (5.4) | Heroditus Thucydides / |
| Ritual (5.4) | involved prayers, gifts and sacrifices offered to the gods. |
| Oracle (5.4) | sacred shrine dedicated to a god or goddess |
| Trilogy (5.4) | Set of three plays |
| Philosophy (5.4) | Organized system of thought |
| Socratic methods (5.4) | Method of teaching that uses question and answer format. |
| Sophocles (5.4) | Author of Greek tragedy-Antigone |
| Plato (5.4) | Student of Socrates-wrtier fasciniated with nature of reality-author of The Republic |
| Aristotle (5.4) | Student of Plato-analyzed and classified things based on observation and investgation- |
| Herodotus (5.4) | Ionian Gree, wrote History of the Persian Wars-first real history in Western civilization |
| Thucydides (5.4) | Athenian general, greatest historian of ancient world-Wrote History of the Peloponnesian War. |
| In order to know the will of the gods, the Greeks consulted an _____________, a asacred shrine dedicated to a god or goddess who revealed the future.(5.4) | Oracle |
| Greek tragedies were presented in a _____________ , a set of three plays (5.4) | Trilogy |
| The _____________ uses a question and asnwer format that trains pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reasonong (5.4) | Socratic method |
| The most important part of Greek religion was ________________ (5.4) | ritual |
| The 26-mile victory run to Athens by Pheidppides is the basis of our modern word for a footrace, the ______________. (5.4) | marathon |
| Name the twelve chief gods that were worshipped in ancient Greece (5.4) | Zeus, Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, Poseidon, Hera, |
| What problems arose from the Greek's attempts to forsee the future? (5.4) | they sometimes mad major, unwise decisions based on oracle replies. |
| Describe the simple plot of most Greek tragedies (5.4) | focues on single tragic event and its meaning |
| According to Plato, whcih three groups composed the ideal state? (5.4) | philosopher kings, warriers and the masses. |
| Which form of government did Aristotle favor? (5.4) | constitutional government |
| Who is considered to be the greatest historian of the ancient world? (5.4) | Thucydides |
Created by:
atownley
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